Introduction to Affirming Care for Gender and Sexual Minorities: Difference between revisions

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{{#ev:youtube|v=ViDtnfQ9FHc|300}}<ref>Kimberlé Crenshaw: What is Intersectionality? 2018. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViDtnfQ9FHc[last accessed 6/6/2009]</ref>
{{#ev:youtube|v=ViDtnfQ9FHc|300}}<ref>Kimberlé Crenshaw: What is Intersectionality? 2018. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViDtnfQ9FHc[last accessed 6/6/2009]</ref>


== Cultural Competency ==
== Cultural Competence ==
Providing quality care means being unbiased and culturally sensitive, which can be achieved by practicing cultural competency.<ref>Improving Cultural Competence to Reduce Health Disparities for Priority Populations. Available from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cultural-competence/research-protocol [last accessed 9.06.2022]</ref>
Providing quality care means being unbiased and culturally sensitive, which can be achieved by practicing cultural competency.<ref name=":6">Improving Cultural Competence to Reduce Health Disparities for Priority Populations. Available from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cultural-competence/research-protocol [last accessed 9.06.2022]</ref>Cultural competence is a pillar that supports care where diversity is respected and the healthcare outcome is not affected by providers language, communication styles, attitudes, and behaviours.<ref name=":6" /><blockquote>Cultural competence is simply making an effort to reduce any cultural, linguistic, other barriers that exist between, in this case, patients and medical professionals, such as yourself"<ref name=":3" />. ''Dr Durand''</blockquote>
 
Cultural competence is often seen as encompassing only racial and ethnic differences, omitting other marginalized population groups who are ethnically and racially similar to a provider but who are at risk for stigmatization or discrimination, are different in other identities, or have differences in healthcare needs that result in health disparities


Cultural competence is widely seen as a foundational pillar for reducing disparities through culturally sensitive and unbiased quality care. Culturally competent care is defined as care that respects diversity in the patient population and cultural factors that can affect health and health care, such as language, communication styles, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors


Cultural competence is often seen as encompassing only racial and ethnic differences, omitting other marginalized population groups who are ethnically and racially similar to a provider but who are at risk for stigmatization or discrimination, are different in other identities, or have differences in healthcare needs that result in health disparities


The universal approach to training proposes that cultural competence can be taught through reflective awareness, empathy, active listening techniques, and the cognitive mechanisms contributing to cultural insensitivity or blindness, such as implicit biases or stereotype threats. Therefore, of interest is identifying the effect of varying types of cultural competence training on patient-level outcomes.<blockquote>"Cultural competence is simply making an effort to reduce any cultural, linguistic, other barriers that exist between, in this case, patients and medical professionals, such as yourself". ''Dr Durand''</blockquote>
The universal approach to training proposes that cultural competence can be taught through reflective awareness, empathy, active listening techniques, and the cognitive mechanisms contributing to cultural insensitivity or blindness, such as implicit biases or stereotype threats. Therefore, of interest is identifying the effect of varying types of cultural competence training on patient-level outcomes.


== LGBTQIA+ Demographic ==
== LGBTQIA+ Demographic ==

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

In the health care environments, LGBTQ+ adolescents and adults experience marginalisation, stigma and normative pressure resulting in their poor health and social outcomes. [1][2]This may be due to health care providers' lack of training and sensitivity to the health needs of LGBTQ+ people. [1] Healthcare workers report being uncomfortable communicating with sexual and gender minority (SGMs) patients.[3] Additionally chronic stress related to marginalisation and discrimination contributes to the health care disparities among the SGMs group. [4] They not only suffer poorer health but also worse healthcare experiences.[2]Yet, their health care needs are well documented, as various reports indicate high rates of substance abuse, depression, suicide, and cardiovascular disease. [2]

Gender and sexual minorities live in every part of the world and comprise all races and/or ethnicities, religions, and social classes. They require access to healthcare to meet their medical needs. At the same time, healthcare organisations must ensure that their environment is inclusive for LGBTQ+ patients by educating staff on cultural awareness and nondiscrimination policies.[5]

Gender-Neutral Language[edit | edit source]

To ensure that the cultural responsiveness in understanding the needs of LGBTQ+ is well present, there is a worldwide movement towards the development of a more inclusive language. LGBTQ+ activists and linguists are working on creating entirely new non-binary terms and on changing already existing words and grammar constructions.[6]The following are examples of gender-neutral language changes that were introduced to English and other world languages:

  • English: there was no distinction between genders except for singular pronoun, which can be masculine or feminine. In 2019 “they” was added as the pronoun to use for a “single person whose gender identity is non-binary.”[6]
  • Spanish: all nouns have feminine and masculine cases. In daily conversations, the masculine “o” or the feminine “a” is now replaced with the gender-neutral “e” in certain words. [6]
  • Arabic: each verb, noun and adjective has always assigned either a male or female case. Public awareness of gender-neutral language remains extremely low in Arabic-speaking countries, and there is low social tolerance of this language.[6]
  • Hebrew: gender is assigned to verbs, nouns, and adjectives based on the noun. In gender-neutral language, there is a default to a feminine plural or a “mixed” gender is used, sometimes male and sometimes female for the same person.[6]
  • German: includes male, female and neutral grammatical genders, signified by the suffixes “r” or “rn” for men, and “in” or “innen” for women. In gender-neutral language, the uppercase "I" in compound nouns is used to address both males and females at once. A "gender star" in form of an asterisk has also been added to include persons who do not consider themselves either."[6]
  • French uses male or female gender in all nouns referring to an individual. The first step in gender-neutral language was to use asterisks to combine case endings to create gender-neutral plural, for example, “ami•e•s” for friends. [6]
  • Sweden: the word “hen” was added to the official dictionary, which indicates a gender-neutral pronoun as an alternative to the male pronoun “han” and female “hon".[6]

Learn more about gender-neutral language here.

Gender and Sexual Minorities[edit | edit source]

LGBTQQIIP2SAA+ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, queer, intersex, intersectional, pansexual, two-spirit (2S), androgynous and asexual. This is the most completed to date acronym for gender and sexual minorities.[7]

  • Lesbian: women who are romantically and/or sexually attracted to women.[8]
  • Gay: usually identifies men with romantic and/or sexual attraction to men.[8]
  • Bisexual: an individual who is sexually, romantically, physically, and/or spiritually attracted to more than one gender.[9]
  • Transgender: people whose gender identity does not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth.[8]
  • Questioning: person searching for their gender identity and/or sexual orientation[9]
  • Queer: a person who does not conform to cultural norms regarding gender or sexuality and who is attracted to people of many genders.[9]
  • Intersex: individuals who are born with components of traditionally male and female anatomy[7]
  • Intersectionality: “the network of connections between social categories such as race, class and gender, especially when this may result in additional disadvantage or discrimination”[10]
  • Pansexual: an individual who is sexually, romantically, physically, and/or spiritually attracted to members of all gender identities[8]
  • Two-spirit: a person whose gender identity has two spirits: masculine and feminine.
  • Androgynous: a person whose gender expression does not fit into gender norms.[9]
  • Asexual: someone who does not experiences a sexual attraction and/or has no interest in pursuing a sexual relationship with others. [8]

[11]

Cultural Competence[edit | edit source]

Providing quality care means being unbiased and culturally sensitive, which can be achieved by practicing cultural competency.[12]Cultural competence is a pillar that supports care where diversity is respected and the healthcare outcome is not affected by providers language, communication styles, attitudes, and behaviours.[12]

Cultural competence is simply making an effort to reduce any cultural, linguistic, other barriers that exist between, in this case, patients and medical professionals, such as yourself"[7]. Dr Durand

Cultural competence is often seen as encompassing only racial and ethnic differences, omitting other marginalized population groups who are ethnically and racially similar to a provider but who are at risk for stigmatization or discrimination, are different in other identities, or have differences in healthcare needs that result in health disparities


The universal approach to training proposes that cultural competence can be taught through reflective awareness, empathy, active listening techniques, and the cognitive mechanisms contributing to cultural insensitivity or blindness, such as implicit biases or stereotype threats. Therefore, of interest is identifying the effect of varying types of cultural competence training on patient-level outcomes.

LGBTQIA+ Demographic[edit | edit source]

[13]

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
  • x

or

  1. numbered list
  2. x

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wahlen R, Bize R, Wang J, Merglen A, Ambresin AE. Medical students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards LGBT people and their health care needs: Impact of a lecture on LGBT health. PloS one. 2020 Jul 1;15(7):e0234743.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Elliott MN, Kanouse DE, Burkhart Q, Abel GA, Lyratzopoulos G, Beckett MK, Schuster MA, Roland M. Sexual minorities in England have poorer health and worse health care experiences: a national survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Jan;30(1):9-16.
  3. ↑ Hinchliff S, Gott M, Galena E. 'I daresay I might find it embarrassing': general practitioners' perspectives on discussing sexual health issues with lesbian and gay patients. Health Soc Care Community. 2005 Jul;13(4):345-53.
  4. ↑ Hughes TL, Jackman K, Dorsen C, Arslanian-Engoren C, Ghazal L, Christenberry-Deceased T, Coleman C, Mackin M, Moore SE, Mukerjee R, Sherman A, Smith S, Walker R. How can the nursing profession help reduce sexual and gender minority-related health disparities: Recommendations from the national nursing LGBTQ health summit. Nurs Outlook. 2022 Apr 13:S0029-6554(22)00013-6.
  5. ↑ Goldhammer H, Maston ED, Kissock LA, Davis JA, Keuroghlian AS. National findings from an LGBT healthcare organizational needs assessment. LGBT health. 2018 Dec 1;5(8):461-8.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 A guide to how gender-neutral language is developing around the world. Available from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/15/guide-how-gender-neutral-language-is-developing-around-world/ [last access 6.6.2022]
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Durand B. LGBTQ and Transgender Informed Care - Introduction to Affirming Care for Gender and Sexual Minorities. Part 1 &2. Physioplus Course 2022
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer,&Intersex Life. Available from https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lgbtqi/resources/definitions [last accessed 9.6.2022]
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 What is LGBTQ? Available from https://gaycenter.org/about/lgbtq/#questioning [last accessed 9.06.2022]
  10. ↑ Intersectionality.(n.d) In Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. Available from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/intersectionality?q=intersectionality [last access 7.06.2022]
  11. ↑ Kimberlé Crenshaw: What is Intersectionality? 2018. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViDtnfQ9FHc[last accessed 6/6/2009]
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Improving Cultural Competence to Reduce Health Disparities for Priority Populations. Available from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cultural-competence/research-protocol [last accessed 9.06.2022]
  13. ↑ Stewart Maddux. Gen Silent, The LGBT Aging Documentary: Official Trailer. 2009. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV3O8qz6Y5g[last accessed 6/6/2022]
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