H - Reflex in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction<br> == | == Introduction<br> == | ||
Radiculopathy is not a specific condition, but rather a description of a problem in which one or more spinal nerves are affected.<sup><ref name=" | Radiculopathy is not a specific condition, but rather a description of a problem in which one or more spinal nerves are affected.<sup><ref name="p1">Igor Stiler. Pf-NCS Testing For Earlier Detection of Neuropathy and Radiculopathy [internet]. 2013. Available from: http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm/5604590?articleid=5604590</ref> </sup>The nerve or nerves may be inflamed, had lack of blood flow, or may be affected by a disease in part or totally.<sup><ref name="p2">Radiculopathy [internet] Available from www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Radiculopathy.asp.</ref> </sup>Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR) is a common clinical problem that involves L5and S1 nerve roots.<ref name="p3">Walk D, Fisher MA, Doundoulakis SH, Hemmati M. Somatosensory evoked potential in the evaluation of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Neurolog. 1992; 42(6):1197-1202.</ref><ref name="4.1">Abdulwahab S. The effect of reading and traction on patient with cervical radiculopathy based on electrodiagnostic testing . Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System. 1999; 7(3):91-96.</ref><br> | ||
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== H-Reflex in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy <ref>http://www.amazon.in/Clinical-Significance-Soleus-Reflex-Radiculopathy/dp/3659158062</ref> == | == H-Reflex in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy <ref>http://www.amazon.in/Clinical-Significance-Soleus-Reflex-Radiculopathy/dp/3659158062</ref> == | ||
Late potentials are electro diagnostically elicited responses in muscle that appear more than 10-20 milliseconds after stimulation of motor nerves. They have been termed “late potentials” because they take substantially longer to appear than the direct responses to stimulation of motor nerves. There are two distinct types of late responses, the H-Reflex and the F-response.<ref name=" | Late potentials are electro diagnostically elicited responses in muscle that appear more than 10-20 milliseconds after stimulation of motor nerves. They have been termed “late potentials” because they take substantially longer to appear than the direct responses to stimulation of motor nerves. There are two distinct types of late responses, the H-Reflex and the F-response.<ref name="p9">Disorders Of The Nervous System - Reeves & Swenson Available from www.dartmouth.edu Reeves 2004</ref> | ||
Traditional nerve stimulation techniques used in an electrophysiology laboratory primarily assess the distal segments of the peripheral nerves. Methods of testing the proximal nerve segments or the central nervous system include, blink reflex, F wave, the H reflex, T reflex, tonic vibration reflex, and the silent period. The reflex studies reveal conduction characteristics along the entire course of the sensory and motor axons as well as the excitability of the neuronal pool.<ref name=" | Traditional nerve stimulation techniques used in an electrophysiology laboratory primarily assess the distal segments of the peripheral nerves. Methods of testing the proximal nerve segments or the central nervous system include, blink reflex, F wave, the H reflex, T reflex, tonic vibration reflex, and the silent period. The reflex studies reveal conduction characteristics along the entire course of the sensory and motor axons as well as the excitability of the neuronal pool.<ref name="p0">Electrodiagnosis in diseases of Nerve And Muscle: Principles and Practice, Edition 2; Jun Kimura; Philadelphia : F.A. Davis, 1989</ref> | ||
Extensive studies have proven the practical value of the H reflex in certain neurologic disorders. Neurologic examination exploits the muscle stretch reflex to measure motor neuron excitability in many conditions. Clinical observation, however, falls short in objectively evaluating the briskness, velocity, or symmetry of these responses. Electrophysiologic recordings offer these advantages by quantifying the response after an electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve.<ref name=" | Extensive studies have proven the practical value of the H reflex in certain neurologic disorders. Neurologic examination exploits the muscle stretch reflex to measure motor neuron excitability in many conditions. Clinical observation, however, falls short in objectively evaluating the briskness, velocity, or symmetry of these responses. Electrophysiologic recordings offer these advantages by quantifying the response after an electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve.<ref name="p0">Electrodiagnosis in diseases of Nerve And Muscle: Principles and Practice, Edition 2; Jun Kimura; Philadelphia : F.A. Davis, 1989</ref> | ||
The first type of “late response” was described by Hoffmann in 1918 hence it is named as H-Reflex.<ref name=" | The first type of “late response” was described by Hoffmann in 1918 hence it is named as H-Reflex.<ref name="p1">The Clinical Neurophysiology Primer 2007 10.1007/978-1-59745-271-7_12; Andrew S. Blum and Seward B. Rutkove</ref> The pathway for this reflex and the significance of abnormalities is easiest to understand by recognizing that it is basically the electrophysiologic equivalent of the muscle stretch reflex. The H-reflex is a monosynaptic reflex elicited by sub maximal stimulation of the tibial nerve and recorded from the calf muscle.<ref name="p2">H reflexes and F waves Fundamentals, normal and abnormal patterns Neurologic Clinics, Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 339-360; M.Fisher</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 12:43, 6 June 2017
Original Editor - Gayatri Jadav Upadhyay
Top Contributors - Gayatri Jadav Upadhyay, Admin, WikiSysop, 127.0.0.1, Ajay Upadhyay and Kim Jackson
Introduction
[edit | edit source]
Radiculopathy is not a specific condition, but rather a description of a problem in which one or more spinal nerves are affected.[1] The nerve or nerves may be inflamed, had lack of blood flow, or may be affected by a disease in part or totally.[2] Lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR) is a common clinical problem that involves L5and S1 nerve roots.[3][4]
H-Reflex in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy [5][edit | edit source]
Late potentials are electro diagnostically elicited responses in muscle that appear more than 10-20 milliseconds after stimulation of motor nerves. They have been termed “late potentials” because they take substantially longer to appear than the direct responses to stimulation of motor nerves. There are two distinct types of late responses, the H-Reflex and the F-response.[6]
Traditional nerve stimulation techniques used in an electrophysiology laboratory primarily assess the distal segments of the peripheral nerves. Methods of testing the proximal nerve segments or the central nervous system include, blink reflex, F wave, the H reflex, T reflex, tonic vibration reflex, and the silent period. The reflex studies reveal conduction characteristics along the entire course of the sensory and motor axons as well as the excitability of the neuronal pool.[7]
Extensive studies have proven the practical value of the H reflex in certain neurologic disorders. Neurologic examination exploits the muscle stretch reflex to measure motor neuron excitability in many conditions. Clinical observation, however, falls short in objectively evaluating the briskness, velocity, or symmetry of these responses. Electrophysiologic recordings offer these advantages by quantifying the response after an electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve.[7]
The first type of “late response” was described by Hoffmann in 1918 hence it is named as H-Reflex.[1] The pathway for this reflex and the significance of abnormalities is easiest to understand by recognizing that it is basically the electrophysiologic equivalent of the muscle stretch reflex. The H-reflex is a monosynaptic reflex elicited by sub maximal stimulation of the tibial nerve and recorded from the calf muscle.[2]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References [edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Igor Stiler. Pf-NCS Testing For Earlier Detection of Neuropathy and Radiculopathy [internet]. 2013. Available from: http://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm/5604590?articleid=5604590 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "p1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radiculopathy [internet] Available from www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/Radiculopathy.asp. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "p2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Walk D, Fisher MA, Doundoulakis SH, Hemmati M. Somatosensory evoked potential in the evaluation of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Neurolog. 1992; 42(6):1197-1202.
- ↑ Abdulwahab S. The effect of reading and traction on patient with cervical radiculopathy based on electrodiagnostic testing . Journal of the Neuromusculoskeletal System. 1999; 7(3):91-96.
- ↑ http://www.amazon.in/Clinical-Significance-Soleus-Reflex-Radiculopathy/dp/3659158062
- ↑ Disorders Of The Nervous System - Reeves & Swenson Available from www.dartmouth.edu Reeves 2004
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Electrodiagnosis in diseases of Nerve And Muscle: Principles and Practice, Edition 2; Jun Kimura; Philadelphia : F.A. Davis, 1989
