Global Health Governance

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Introduction

Global Health refers to ‘those health issues, which transcend national boundaries and governments and call for actions on the global forces and global flows that determine the health of people’. (Kickbusch 2006) Since is establishment in 1948 the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been one of the primary actors in driving the health agenda globally and remains the only body able to create legally binding treaties (there are currently two; the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and International Health Regulations (IHR)). Kickbusch & Szabo (2014) set out the transnational and cross-cutting nature of governance in the global health domain along three political spaces: Global Health Governance, Global Governance for Health, and Governance for Global Health. They suggest that in order to keep global health firmly on the political agenda, and to strengthen action on the determinants of health, reform and strengthening of the governance institutions in all three political spaces as well as their interface is critical.

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World Health Organization 

"When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a Global Health Organization. WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 - a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day."

For more information, please visit http://www.who.int/en/

Global Health Non-Governmental Agencies

Handicap International

Handicap International is an independent international aid organisation working in situations of poverty and exclusion, conflict and disaster. Since Handicap International was founded in 1982, their work has benefitted several million people in more than 60 countries worldwide.

Handicap International was a co-recipient of the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize as a founding member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines which led to the signing of the Mine Ban Treaty. In 2011 theyr were awarded the Hilton Humanitarian Prize in recognition of almost 30 years of humanitarian action. Handicap International also received the 1996 Nansen Refugee Award for their work with refugees and victims of landmines. Instituted in 1954, the Nansen Refugee Award is given annually to an individual or an organization in recognition of extraordinary and dedicated service to refugees and is the most prestigious honour conferred by UNHCR.

Handicap International is a Federation of eight National Associations: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, UK and USA. Together, they mobilise resources and manage projects around the world to support disabled and vulnerable people.

CURE International 

"A non-profit organization that operates charitable hospitals and programs in 30 countries worldwide where patients experience the life-changing message of God’s love for them, receiving surgical treatment regardless of gender, religion, or ethnicity." 

For more information, please visit https://cure.org/

Canadian Association for Medical Relief

"The Canadian Association for Medical Relief (CAMR), founded in 2002 by Dr. Rand Askalan, is a non-for-profit organization that provides medical services in developing countries. These services may be in the form of:

• Offering financial and social support to patients coming to Canada for medical treatment *Improving quality of care by sending medical equipment and supplies
• Sponsoring Canadian physicians to offer free medical care
• Supporting students during their medical training in Canada
• Organizing educational seminars for local community physicians"

For more information, please visit: http://camr.ca/

Medical Ministry International 

"Each year, over half a million people benefit from the compassionate and quality care of our Health Centers, Project Teams, and Residency Training Programs. Founded in 1968, MMI works in over 23 countries around the world. In 2014 we provided health care services worth US$177,519,522 to 668,475 people throughout the world who typically would have had limited or no access to medical services. Our business model is unique in that we utilize volunteers both medical and non-medical to bring life-changing services to the poor. We seek to eliminate a “welfare” mentality by asking that the patients contribute to their services. This contribution may be a little, but we have found over time that if someone has invested in their care, they will follow the doctors direction and get healthy. Gone are the days of people just throwing money a problem and then those who receive the gift tossing it aside because they think its not worth something."

For more information, please visit: https://medicalministrytrips.org/

Terre Sans Frontières - Physiothérapie Sans Frontières 

"Terre Sans Frontières is an international cooperation organization that supports and strengthens its southern education and community development partners; it matches Canadians—in particular specific segments of the population—with initiatives fostering the wellbeing of underprivileged individuals both in Canada and farther south. Founded by the Brothers of Christian Instruction, Terre Sans Frontières has always had a close relationship with Canadian religious communities." 

For more information, please visit: http://terresansfrontieres.ca/en/

Work the World 

"Work the World provides highly tailored clinical internships across the developing world. Every intern's aim is different, so we tailor each and every aspect of your placement to your own individual needs. Whether you're interested in paediatric physical therapy in Sri Lanka, or geriatric rehabilitation in Kathmandu, we'll be able to create the perfect placement for you."

For more information, please visit http://www.worktheworld.com/

Physiotherapy Special Interest Groups

International

World Confederation of Physical Therapists 

"Founded in 1951, the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) is the sole international voice for physical therapy, representing more than 350,000 physical therapists worldwide through its 112 member organisations. The confederation operates as a non-profit organisation and is registered as a charity in the UK."

"WCPT believes that every individual is entitled to the highest possible standard of culturally appropriate healthcare delivered in an atmosphere of trust and respect for human dignity, and underpinned by sound clinical reasoning and scientific evidence. It is committed to furthering the physical therapy profession and improving global health through: 

• encouraging high standards of physical therapy research, education and practice 
• supporting the exchange of information between WCPT regions and member organisations 
• collaborating with national and international organisations" 

For more information, please visit: http://www.wcpt.org/

National

ADAPT

ADAPT (Chartered Physiotherapists in International Health and Development) is a Clinical Interest Group recognised by the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ADAPT will support members and facilitate information exchange in order to contribute to the development of culturally appropriate effective physiotherapy services world-wide. They work to do this in a way that promotes an understanding of healthcare in all cultures and belief systems and which is socially and economically appropriate. ADAPT members have worked or are currently working in many of the world's low and middle income countries, and have been involved in many Global Health Initiaitives in a wide variety of settings .

For more information, please visit http://adapt.csp.org.uk/about-us

Global Health Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association

The Global Health Division (GHD) was created in 2004 as a result of the growing interest in International Health by Canadian physiotherapists. The vision of the GHD is to be a reliable and influential resource and a strong advocate group for the importance of physical therapists in the area of global health. Focusing on countries with developing and transitional economies, the GHD facilitates access to a broad range of information ranging from global health and disability issues to volunteer opportunities. The GHD harnesses the passion, interests and energy of its members from across Canada and works in collaboration with colleagues from around the world. The mission of the GHD of the CPA is to educate, advocate and motivate physical therapists from across Canada regarding Global Health.

Canadian physiotherapists have been actively engaged in global health initiatives in a variety of settings on many of the world's continents. Some examples of these initiatives include the International Centre for the Advancement of Community Based Rehabilitation (ICACBR) at Queen's University supporting work in the Balkans among other countries, as well as at Dalhousie University whose physiotherapists have worked in Kuwait for a number of years. These are only a few examples of Canadian Physical Therapy organizations and universities, who have made an impact at the global level. These institutional examples are of course in addition to the numerous individual physiotherapists who have independently contributed to international health in various capacities.

For more information, please visit http://physioghd.com

Global Health Special Interest Group of the American Physical Therapy Association

"Promoting Social Responsibility & Community Engagement at Home & Abroad"

"Mission: To provide resources, information, and support to SIG, Section, and APTA members regarding global health, health disparities, cultural competency, disability, and service-learning in resource-limited settings."

"History: Ronnie Leavitt and Karin Schumacher co-founded the Cross-cultural and International Physical Therapy Interest Group in 1986. The group was officially recognized as a special interest group within the Health Policy and Administration Section in 1996. To reflect member interests in health equity, cultural determinants of health, and service-learning both in the United States and abroad, the group changed its name to the Global Health SIG."

For more information, please visit http://www.aptahpa.org/?page=GlobalHealthSIG

References

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