Foot and Ankle Disability Index

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PubMed

Objective

The Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) is a region-specific self-report of function. The FADI was first described in 1999 by Martin et al. The Foot and Ankle Disability Index is a 34-item questionnaire divided into two subscales: the Foot and Ankle Disability Index and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index Sport. The FADI has 26 items, and the FADI Sport has 8. The FADI contains 4 pain related items and 22 activity related items. The FADI Sport contains 8 activity related items. It assesses more difficult tasks that are essential to sport. The FADI Sport is unique in that it is a population-specific subscale designed for athletes.
Each of the 34 items is scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (unable to do) to 4 (no difficulty at all). The 4 pain items of the FADI are scored 0 (none) to 4 (unbearable). The FADI has a total point value of 104 points, whereas the FADI Sport has a total point value of 32 points. The FADI and FADI Sport are scored separately as percentages, with 100% representing no dysfunction.

The FADI is a former version of the FAAM. The 2 instruments are identical except for an additional 5 items found on the FADI. Four of these items assess pain, and the fifth item evaluates an individu-al’s ability to sleep. These 5 items were subsequently removed. The sports subscale remained unchanged, resulting in a new instrument, the FAAM.

The foot and ankle disability index was designed to assess functional limitations related to foot and ankle conditions.

Intended Population

The foot and ankle disability index was designed to assess functional limitations related to foot and ankle conditions. Hale and Hertel [1] advocate the use of the FADI and FADI Sport self-report instruments in clinical care and research applications in young adults with CAI.
Eechaute et al [2] concluded that the FADI and FAAM were the most appropriate evaluative instruments to quantify functional disabilities in athletes with chronic ankle instability. An advantage of the FADI and FAAM is that they both have a sports subscale in addition to an activities of daily living subscale. The sports subscale may be particularly useful when addressing the limitations of athletes with CAI.

Evidence

Hale and Hertel [1] found that the FADI has evidence of content validity, construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness for individuals with CAI.
They found the FADI and FADI Sport to be (1) reliable in detecting functional limitations in subjects with CAI, (2) sensitive to differences between healthy subjects and subjects with CAI, and (3) responsive to improvements in function after rehabilitation in subjects with CAI.

Reliability

Treatment group during 1 week:
- ADL subscale ICC 0.89
- Sports subscale ICC 0.84
Nontreatment group during 6weeks:
- ADL subscale ICC 0.93
- Sports subscale ICC 0.92

Validity

Construct validity: Significantly lower scores on the involved versus uninvolved side (p<0.001)

Responsiveness 

Significantly increased scores after 4 weeks of rehabilitation (p<0.007)

FADI; Significant difference after 6 weeks of training: pre training score =87.1% (± 12,1) post training score = 94.4% (± 6,1) ES = 0.52 (n =16)

FADI Sport; Significant difference after 6 weeks of training: pre training score = 78.4% (± 12,9)post training score = 89.5% (± 11,3) ES = 0.71 (n = 16)

References

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