Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Difference between revisions
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In ECMO, the blood is drained from the vascular system, circulated outside the body by a mechanical pump and then reinfused into the circulation. While the blood is outside the body, hemoglobins become fully saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from them. <ref>Makdisi G, Wang I wen. Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) review of a lifesaving technology. Journal of Thoracic Disease [Internet]. 2015 Jul; Available from: [[/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522501/|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522501/]]</ref> | In ECMO, the blood is drained from the vascular system, circulated outside the body by a mechanical pump and then reinfused into the circulation. While the blood is outside the body, hemoglobins become fully saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from them. <ref>Makdisi G, Wang I wen. Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) review of a lifesaving technology. Journal of Thoracic Disease [Internet]. 2015 Jul; Available from: [[/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522501/|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522501/]]</ref> | ||
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{{#ev:youtube| | == Types of ECMO == | ||
There are two types of ECMO. Veno-arterial (VA) ECMO can be used for heart and lung support, while veno-venous (VV) ECMO is used for lung support only.<ref name=":1">Cui Y, Zhang Y, Dou J, Shi J, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982932/#:~:text=VV%20ECMO%20drains%20blood%20from,and%20provides%20complete%20cardiopulmonary%20support. Venovenous vs. Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Infection-Associated Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study]. Frontiers in Pediatrics [Internet]. 2022 Mar 18;10. Available from: [[/doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.832776|https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.832776]]</ref> | |||
==== VA-ECMO ==== | |||
VA-ECMO drains the blood from the venous system, reinfuses it into the arterial system and provides complete cardiopulmonary support. <ref name=":1" /> | |||
==== VV-ECMO ==== | |||
VV-ECMO drains the blood from the venous system, reinfuses it into the venous system and provides gas exchange. Unlike VA-ECMO, VV-ECMO does not provide direct cardiac support.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
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Revision as of 11:22, 30 January 2024
Introduction[edit | edit source]
In 2022, it is estimated that nearly 200,000 patients received Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO).[1] ECMO is a technique that oxygenates the blood outside the body. It’s typically used when conventional ventilation is unable to oxygenate the blood adequately.[2]
It is important to understand that ECMO is a supportive therapy, not a disease-modifying treatment.[3] Similar to a ventilator or a dialysis machine, ECMO doesn't cure the underlying disease but takes over a vital function (oxygenation or blood circulation) when the body's organs are unable to do so adequately.
ECMO is a highly specialised technique that requires the input of intensive care specialists, cardiothoracic surgeons as well as ECMO-trained nurses and perfusion scientists.[2]
How does ECMO work[edit | edit source]
ECMO is a technique that oxygenates the blood outside the body. It’s typically used when conventional ventilation is unable to oxygenate the blood adequately.[2]
In ECMO, the blood is drained from the vascular system, circulated outside the body by a mechanical pump and then reinfused into the circulation. While the blood is outside the body, hemoglobins become fully saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from them. [4]
Types of ECMO[edit | edit source]
There are two types of ECMO. Veno-arterial (VA) ECMO can be used for heart and lung support, while veno-venous (VV) ECMO is used for lung support only.[5]
VA-ECMO[edit | edit source]
VA-ECMO drains the blood from the venous system, reinfuses it into the arterial system and provides complete cardiopulmonary support. [5]
VV-ECMO[edit | edit source]
VV-ECMO drains the blood from the venous system, reinfuses it into the venous system and provides gas exchange. Unlike VA-ECMO, VV-ECMO does not provide direct cardiac support.[5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ ECLS ELSOEA. ELSO International Summary of Statistics | ECMO | ECLS [Internet]. Copyright (C) 2023 by Extracorporeal Life Support Organization - ECMO and ECLS. Available from: https://www.elso.org/registry/internationalsummaryandreports/internationalsummary.aspx
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ECMO | Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) [Internet]. Royal Papworth Hospital. Available from: https://royalpapworth.nhs.uk/our-services/theatres-and-critical-care/ecmo#:~:text=ECMO%20is%20a%20highly%20specialised,trained%20nurses%20and%20perfusion%20scientists.
- ↑ Horan M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and mechanical support for the circulation. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine [Internet]. 2023 Oct 1; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2023.09.003
- ↑ Makdisi G, Wang I wen. Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) review of a lifesaving technology. Journal of Thoracic Disease [Internet]. 2015 Jul; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4522501/
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cui Y, Zhang Y, Dou J, Shi J, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, et al. Venovenous vs. Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Infection-Associated Severe Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics [Internet]. 2022 Mar 18;10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.832776
