Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Original Editors - Kara Casey & Josh Rose from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
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Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Diabetes is caused by a problem in the way your body makes or uses insulin. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy.[1] Type 2 diabetes, previously called adult onset or non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a chronic condition that affects how the body metabolizes glucose.[2] When you have type 2 diabetes, your fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. As a result, blood sugar does not get into these cells to be stored for energy and builds up in the bloodstream; this is known as hyperglycemia.[1]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
When diabetes strikes during childhood, it is routinely assumed to be type 1, or juvenile-onset diabetes. However, in the last 2 decades, type 2 diabetes has been reported among U.S. children and adolescents with increasing frequency.[4] The true prevalence is difficult to quantify because of the significant difference in occurrence with age, race, and, to a lesser degree, sex.[5]
• Ages 20 years or older: 11.3 percent, of all people in this age group
• Ages 65 years or older: 26.9 percent, of all people in this age group
• Men 13: 11.8 percent, of all men ages 20 years or older
• Women : 10.8 percent, of all women ages 20 years or older
• Non-Hispanic whites: 10.2 percent, of all non-Hispanic whites ages 20 years or older
• Non-Hispanic blacks: 18.7 percent, of all non-Hispanic blacks ages 20 years or older
There does appear to be a correlation with type 2 diabetes and socioeconomic status, where the more deprived an area’s population is, the higher the incidence of type 2 diabetes is seen.[3]
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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