Compartment Syndrome of the Foot: Difference between revisions
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== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | ||
Anatomical studies of muscles and tendons show that the foot is divided into 4 large compartments (interosseous, medial, lateral, central) each including muscles, nerves and arteries. Early researches identified 9 compartments. However, it is very impractical to divide the foot into more than four compartments. That’s why most of the recent studies still refer to the foot as a whole of four compartments.<ref>Haddad S L, Managing risk: compartment syndromes of the foot. American Academy of Orthopaedics Surgeons, Jan/Feb 2007 http://www.aaos.org/news/bulletin/janfeb07/clinical1.asp (accessed on november/december 2010)</ref> | Anatomical studies of muscles and tendons show that the foot is divided into 4 large compartments (interosseous, medial, lateral, central) each including muscles, nerves and arteries. Early researches identified 9 compartments. However, it is very impractical to divide the foot into more than four compartments. That’s why most of the recent studies still refer to the foot as a whole of four compartments.<ref>Haddad S L, Managing risk: compartment syndromes of the foot. American Academy of Orthopaedics Surgeons, Jan/Feb 2007 http://www.aaos.org/news/bulletin/janfeb07/clinical1.asp (accessed on november/december 2010)</ref> | ||
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| valign=" | | valign="top" width="250" align="left" | '''-Interosseous compartment:'''<br>Dorsal interossei muscles<br>Plantar interossei muscles<br>Plantar lateral artery, vein and nerve | ||
<br> | '''<br>''' | ||
| valign="middle" width="250" align="left" | - Medial compartment:<br>Abductor hallucis<br>Flexor hallucis brevis<br>Tendon of flexor hallucis longus<br>Medial plantar arteries, veins and nerves | | valign="middle" width="250" align="left" | '''- Medial compartment:<br>'''Abductor hallucis<br>Flexor hallucis brevis<br>Tendon of flexor hallucis longus<br>Medial plantar arteries, veins and nerves | ||
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| valign=" | | valign="top" width="250" align="left" | '''- Lateral compartment:<br>'''Abductor digiti minimi<br>Flexor digiti minimi<br>Opponens digiti minimi<br>Branches of the lateral plantar artery vein and nerve | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| valign="middle" width="250" align="left" | - Central compartment (3 levels):<br>First level: Adductor hallucis<br>Second level: Quadratus plantae<br>Lumbrical muscles<br>Tendons of flexor digitorum longus<br>Third level: Flexor digitorum brevis<br>All levels of the central compartment contain (deep) branches of the plantar lateral artery, vein and nerve<br> | | valign="middle" width="250" align="left" | '''- Central compartment (3 levels):<br>'''<u>First level:</u> Adductor hallucis<br><u>Second level:</u> Quadratus plantae<br>Lumbrical muscles<br>Tendons of flexor digitorum longus<br><u>Third level:</u> Flexor digitorum brevis<br>All levels of the central compartment contain (deep) branches of the plantar lateral artery, vein and nerve<br> | ||
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Revision as of 18:42, 14 January 2011
Original Editors - Jessie Tourwe
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Search Strategy [edit | edit source]
Databases searched: Pubmed, PEDro, eMedicine, Medscape
Keywords searched: compartment syndrome foot, lower leg, loge syndrome, crush injuries, treatment compartment syndrome,…
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
This syndrome is a condition that can appear in many parts of the body: foot, leg, thigh, forearm, hand, buttocks etc.[1] A compartment syndrome occurs when the muscles along with nerves and blood vessels are compressed in a compartment.
The developing of swelling and/or a hematoma causes the pressure to increase and because the fascia – made of inelastic connective tissue – can’t extend, the blood flow is disrupted. Tissue death can take place if the concentration of oxygen drops too low for too long.[2]
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Anatomical studies of muscles and tendons show that the foot is divided into 4 large compartments (interosseous, medial, lateral, central) each including muscles, nerves and arteries. Early researches identified 9 compartments. However, it is very impractical to divide the foot into more than four compartments. That’s why most of the recent studies still refer to the foot as a whole of four compartments.[3]
| -Interosseous compartment: Dorsal interossei muscles Plantar interossei muscles Plantar lateral artery, vein and nerve
|
- Medial compartment: Abductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Medial plantar arteries, veins and nerves
|
| - Lateral compartment: Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Branches of the lateral plantar artery vein and nerve
|
- Central compartment (3 levels): First level: Adductor hallucis Second level: Quadratus plantae Lumbrical muscles Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Third level: Flexor digitorum brevis All levels of the central compartment contain (deep) branches of the plantar lateral artery, vein and nerve |
Epidemiology /Etiology[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Abraham T Rasul Jr. Compartment syndrome. eMedicine. 11 March 2009 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/307668-overview (accessed on november/december 2010)
- ↑ Frink M, Hildebrand F, Krettek C, Brand J, Hankemeier S. Compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot. The Association of bone and joint surgeons. 27 may 2009 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/140002-overview (accessed november/december 2010)
- ↑ Haddad S L, Managing risk: compartment syndromes of the foot. American Academy of Orthopaedics Surgeons, Jan/Feb 2007 http://www.aaos.org/news/bulletin/janfeb07/clinical1.asp (accessed on november/december 2010)
- ↑ Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U, Voll M, Wesker K. Prometheus. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Houten 2005. Pg 463
