Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injury
Original Editor - Tomer Yona
Top Contributors - Tomer Yona, Emma Sewell, Jayati Mehta, Kaylee Byars, Katherine Baca, Kim Jackson, Naomi O'Reilly, Claire Knott, Lucinda hampton and Matt Huey
Description[edit | edit source]
There are three basic types of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) commonly seen in the clinic[1].
Stretch related- the peripheral nerves are elastic, but when a traction force is too strong injury occurs. If the Traction force is strong enough, a complete tear may occur, but most commonly the continuity is retained, resulting in injuries such as Erb's Palsy.
Another common type of PNI are lacerations created by blades. those types of injuries might be complete transections- but most commonly some continuity remains.
The third type of PNI are compression These injuries include the Saturday Night palsy due to radial nerve compression as well as entrapment neuropathies and do not involve tearing of the neural elements[1].
The most common of the three is stretch-related, followed by lacerations and compression[2].
Classification[edit | edit source]
There are two commonly used classification for PNI- the Seddon classification and the Sunderland classification
| Seddon | Process | Sunderland |
| Neurapraxia | Segmental demyelination | First degree |
| Axonotmesis | Axon severed but endoneurium intact (optimal circumstances for regeneration) | Second degree |
| Axonotmesis | Axon discontinuity, endoneurial tube discontinuity, perineurium and fascicular arrangement preserved | Third degree |
| Axonotmesis | Loss of continuity of axons, endoneurial tubes, perineurium and fasciculi; epineurium intact | Fourth degree |
| Neurotmesis | Loss of continuity of entire nerve trunk | Fifth degree |
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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