Assessing Range of Motion: Difference between revisions
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'''Active Range of Motion''' | '''Active Range of Motion''' | ||
*Active range of motion (AROM) is the range of movement that can be achieved when opposing [[Muscle|muscles]] contract and relax, resulting in joint movement. For example, the active range of motion to allow the elbow to bend requires the biceps to contract while the triceps muscle relaxes. Active range of motion is usually less than passive range of motion.<ref name=":0">Hudson S. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323046794100280 Rehabilitation Methods and Modalities for the Cat]. In: Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management 2009 Jan 1 (pp. 538-577). Mosby. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323046794100280 (accessed 25.10.2021)</ref> Usually performed by the patient independently and when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement. Performed by the patient independently. AROM exercises are used when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement when such a movement is not contraindicated. Contraindications to AROM include a healing fracture site, a healing surgical site, severe and acute soft tissue trauma, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. | *Active range of motion (AROM) is the range of movement that can be achieved when opposing [[Muscle|muscles]] contract and relax, resulting in joint movement. For example, the active range of motion to allow the elbow to bend requires the biceps to contract while the triceps muscle relaxes. Active range of motion is usually less than passive range of motion.<ref name=":0">Hudson S. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323046794100280 Rehabilitation Methods and Modalities for the Cat]. In: Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management 2009 Jan 1 (pp. 538-577). Mosby. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323046794100280 (accessed 25.10.2021)</ref> Usually performed by the patient independently and when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement. Performed by the patient independently. AROM exercises are used when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement when such a movement is not contraindicated. Contraindications to AROM include a healing fracture site, a healing surgical site, severe and acute soft tissue trauma, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. | ||
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'''Active-assisted Range of Motion''' | '''Active-assisted Range of Motion''' | ||
*Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) is the range of movement when the joint receives partial assistance from an outside force. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able. | *Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) is the range of movement when the joint receives partial assistance from an outside force. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able. | ||
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'''Passive Range of Motion''' | '''Passive Range of Motion''' | ||
* Passive range of motion (PROM) is the range of movement that is achieved when an outside force (such as a therapist or a [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Continuous_Passive_Motion_(CPM) Continuous Passive Motion Machine]) exclusively causes movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to move the body part. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able. | * Passive range of motion (PROM) is the range of movement that is achieved when an outside force (such as a therapist or a [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Continuous_Passive_Motion_(CPM) Continuous Passive Motion Machine]) exclusively causes movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to move the body part. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able. | ||
Revision as of 20:15, 23 March 2023
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Range of motion are essential to your body’s functional mobility. Bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons support each joint in your body, enabling it to move within a specific range. With a good range of motion, your joints move easily and comfortably, your torso and limbs function efficiently, your risk of injury decreases, and you enjoy a higher quality of life.
If you have limited range of motion in one or more joints, your body may compensate by placing stress on other joints or muscles, resulting in muscle imbalance and improper body alignment. Poor alignment and muscle imbalance present a greater risk of injury and pain and reduce functional mobility. Limited range of motion can also contribute to mental health issues, including depression.
Types of Range of Motion[edit | edit source]
Active Range of Motion
- Active range of motion (AROM) is the range of movement that can be achieved when opposing muscles contract and relax, resulting in joint movement. For example, the active range of motion to allow the elbow to bend requires the biceps to contract while the triceps muscle relaxes. Active range of motion is usually less than passive range of motion.[1] Usually performed by the patient independently and when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement. Performed by the patient independently. AROM exercises are used when the patient is able to voluntarily contract, control, and coordinate a movement when such a movement is not contraindicated. Contraindications to AROM include a healing fracture site, a healing surgical site, severe and acute soft tissue trauma, and cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
Active-assisted Range of Motion
- Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) is the range of movement when the joint receives partial assistance from an outside force. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able.
Passive Range of Motion
- Passive range of motion (PROM) is the range of movement that is achieved when an outside force (such as a therapist or a Continuous Passive Motion Machine) exclusively causes movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to move the body part. performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone. The assistance may be applied mechanically, manually, or by gravity while the patient performs a voluntary muscle contraction to the extent he or she is able.
Factors Impacting Range of Motion[edit | edit source]
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Measuring Range of Motion[edit | edit source]
Principles of Measurement[edit | edit source]
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References [edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hudson S. Rehabilitation Methods and Modalities for the Cat. In: Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management 2009 Jan 1 (pp. 538-577). Mosby. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323046794100280 (accessed 25.10.2021)
