Ankle Sprain

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Original Editor - Dale Boren, Michael Kauffmann

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Search Strategy

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Definition/Description

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Clinically Relevant Anatomy

An ankle sprain is a common injury in which one or more of the ankle ligaments is torn or partially torn. Inversion ankle sprains are the most common making up 85% of all ankle sprains.  The most commonly torn ankle ligament is the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) which is on the lateral aspect of the ankle.  

Epidemiology /Etiology

The most common mechanism of injury for an ankle sprain involving the lateral aspect of the ankle (commonly called a lateral ankle sprain or an inversion ankle sprain) is when the foot is forced into a combined movement of plantarflexion and inversion. In this situation the ankle would roll into an outward direction with the foot and toes moving inward toward the midline of the body.  

A less common mechanism of injury involves a forceful eversion movement at the ankle with injury to the very strong deltoid ligament complex.  

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation

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Differential Diagnosis

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Diagnostic Procedures

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Outcome Measures

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Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) - www.manualphysicaltherapy.net/Downloads/Lower_Extremity.doc

Examination

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Medical Management

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Physical Therapy Management

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Key Research

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J Whitman, et al. Predicting short term response to thrust and non-thrust manipulation and exercise in patients post inversion ankle sprain. J Orthop Phys Ther, 2009; 39(3):188-200. 

Resources

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Clinical Bottom Line

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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)

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References

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