Acute Kidney Injury: Difference between revisions
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Acute kidney injury (AKI): | Acute kidney injury (AKI): | ||
* A sudden (within hours) decline in kidney function, which includes both injury (structural damage) and impairment (loss of function)<ref>Makris K, Spanou L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198510/ Acute kidney injury: definition, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes.] The clinical biochemist reviews. 2016 May;37(2):85.</ref>. | * A sudden (within hours) decline in kidney function, which includes both injury (structural damage) and impairment (loss of function)<ref name=":0">Makris K, Spanou L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198510/ Acute kidney injury: definition, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes.] The clinical biochemist reviews. 2016 May;37(2):85.</ref>. | ||
* Often referred to as acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden episode of kidney damage or failure that occurs within a few hours or days <ref>Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Available: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/AcuteKidneyInjury (accessed 22.04.2023)</ref>and is indicated by a sharp rise in serum creatinine, a decline in urine output, or both. | * Often referred to as acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden episode of kidney damage or failure that occurs within a few hours or days <ref>Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Available: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/AcuteKidneyInjury (accessed 22.04.2023)</ref>and is indicated by a sharp rise in serum creatinine, a decline in urine output, or both. | ||
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== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
There are significant disparities in the incidence and etiology of AKI between developing and industrialized nations<ref>Lameire NH, Bagga A, Cruz D, De Maeseneer J, Endre Z, Kellum JA, Liu KD, Mehta RL, Pannu N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673613606479 Acute kidney injury: an increasing global concern. The Lancet.] 2013 Jul 13;382(9887):170-9.</ref>. | |||
In developing nations' cities, the most prevalent causes of AKI are hospital acquired (renal ischaemia, sepsis, and nephrotoxic medications), but in rural regions, it is more usually a result of community acquired illness (diarrhoea, dehydration, viral diseases, animal venoms, and so on)<ref>Prakash J, Singh TB, Ghosh B, Malhotra V, Rathore SS, Vohra R, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26019843/ Changing epidemiology of community-acquired acute kidney injury in developing countries: analysis of 2405 cases in 26 years from eastern India.] Clin Kidney J. 2013;6:150–5.</ref>. | |||
The incidence of AKI is rising in industrialized nations. It is believed to occur up to 15% of the time in hospital inpatients, and it is more prevalent in critically sick patients, where it is anticipated to occur up to 60% of the time<ref name=":0" />. | |||
== Etiology == | == Etiology == | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Acute kidney injury (AKI):
- A sudden (within hours) decline in kidney function, which includes both injury (structural damage) and impairment (loss of function)[1].
- Often referred to as acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden episode of kidney damage or failure that occurs within a few hours or days [2]and is indicated by a sharp rise in serum creatinine, a decline in urine output, or both.
- AKI is known to occur in between 10% and 15% of hospitalized patients, with more than 50% of patients need intensive care[3].
- AKI is distinct from chronic kidney disease, which causes the kidneys to slowly lose function over time[4].
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
There are significant disparities in the incidence and etiology of AKI between developing and industrialized nations[5].
In developing nations' cities, the most prevalent causes of AKI are hospital acquired (renal ischaemia, sepsis, and nephrotoxic medications), but in rural regions, it is more usually a result of community acquired illness (diarrhoea, dehydration, viral diseases, animal venoms, and so on)[6].
The incidence of AKI is rising in industrialized nations. It is believed to occur up to 15% of the time in hospital inpatients, and it is more prevalent in critically sick patients, where it is anticipated to occur up to 60% of the time[1].
Etiology[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Makris K, Spanou L. Acute kidney injury: definition, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes. The clinical biochemist reviews. 2016 May;37(2):85.
- ↑ Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Available: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/AcuteKidneyInjury (accessed 22.04.2023)
- ↑ Ronco C, Bellomo R, Kellum JA. Acute kidney injury. The Lancet. 2019 Nov 23;394(10212):1949-64.
- ↑ Acute kidney injury. Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-kidney-injury/#:~:text=Acute%20kidney%20injury%20(AKI)%20is,as%20the%20name%20might%20suggest. (accessed 22.04.2023)
- ↑ Lameire NH, Bagga A, Cruz D, De Maeseneer J, Endre Z, Kellum JA, Liu KD, Mehta RL, Pannu N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute kidney injury: an increasing global concern. The Lancet. 2013 Jul 13;382(9887):170-9.
- ↑ Prakash J, Singh TB, Ghosh B, Malhotra V, Rathore SS, Vohra R, et al. Changing epidemiology of community-acquired acute kidney injury in developing countries: analysis of 2405 cases in 26 years from eastern India. Clin Kidney J. 2013;6:150–5.
