Coxa Vara / Coxa Valga
Original Editors - Sofie De Coster
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Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
Searched databases: Pubmed, PEDRo, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct
It is to be noted that most of the information found are case studies.
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Coxa vara is defined as a condition in which the femoral neck shaft angle is less than 110 – 120 degrees. Coxa vara is classified into several subtypes
Congenital coxa vara is present at birth and is caused by an embryonic limb bud abnormality.
Developmental coxa vara occurs as an isolated deformity of the proximal femur. It tends to go unnoticed until walking age is reached, when the deformity results in a leg length difference or abnormal gait pattern.
Acquired coxa vara is caused by an underlying condition such as fibrous dysplasia, rickets, or traumatic proximal femoral epiphyseal plate closure.
[1]
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
Congenital coxa vara results in a decrease in metaphyseal bone as a result of abnormal maturation and ossification of proximal femoral chondrocytes. As a result of congenital coxa vara, the inferior medial area of the femoral neck may be fragmented. A progressive increase in varus might also occur in congenital coxa vara as well as excessive growth of the trochanter and shortening of the femoral neck. [2]
A review on the development of coxa vara shows an association with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, demonstrating that stimulated corner fractures were present in most instances. [3]
Another review of patients with congenital and development coxa vara shows that an dysplastic acetabulum can lead to hip subluxation.
This review shows also that the acetabulum is abnormal in coxa vara. Acetabular index (AI) and sourcil slope (SS) are significantly greater in hips with coxa vara than normal hips. This have a statistically significant inverse correlation with the degree of varus. It shows also the acetabular indices are different in congenital and development coxa vara. [4]
Epidemiology /Etiology[edit | edit source]
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Key Research[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ DiFazio R, Kocher M, Berven S, Kasser J. Coxa vara with proximal femoral growth arrest in patients who had neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr Orthop 2003, 23: 20 – 26
- ↑ Javad Parvizi MD, FRCS, Gregory K. Kim MD, and Associate Editor. Coxa Vara. High Yield Orthopaedics, 2010, Page 125
- ↑ Currarino G, Birch JG, Herring JA. Developmental coxa vara associated with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (DCV/SMD): “SMD – corner fracture type” (DCV/SMD – CF) demonstrated in most reported cases. Pediatr Radiol. 2000 Jan;30(1):14-24.
- ↑ Ashish Ranade MD, James J., McCarthy MD, Richard S. Davidson MD. Acetabular changes in Coxa Vara. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res (2008) 466: 1688 - 1691