Low Back Pain and Breathing Pattern Disorders
Original Editors - Verwichte Jeroen
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Search Strategy[edit | edit source]
Databases Searched: PubMed
Keywords Searched: breathing pattern disorders, hyperventilation syndrome, low back pain, respiratory alkalosis, diaphragm
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
A breathing pattern disorder is defined as hyperventilation or over-breathing that does not occur as a result of an underlying pathology. a level 2B study[1] has shown that the presence of respiratory disease such as a breathing pattern disorders is a strong predictor for lower back pain. Stronger than other established risk factors
What is defined as a normal breathing pattern:
• Abdominal, not chest breathing should initiate inhalation, which then expand outwards during inhalation.
• Lifting the chest up while breathing is faulty
• Lack of or a upwards lateral lifting pattern is faulty
• Paradoxical breathing is faulty
• Breathing that has no clavicular grooving formed by chronic chest lifting
Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]
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Epidemiology /Etiology[edit | edit source]
Breathing pattern disorders are because of hormonal influences (progesterone stimulates respiration) female dominated with a female to male ratio ranging from 2:1 to 7:1
Currently, there isn’t a consensus as to the scale of breathing pattern disorders in the general population, but a pilot study [2] examined the relationship between BPD and musceloskeletal pain and showed that 75% of those examined showed faulty breathing patterns. Although interesting, this study has several limitations. It was not designed or intended to be a reliability study. Its methods have no proven reliability. Future research is needed to validate the inter-examiner reliability of the methods of assessing breathing mechanics and the criteria of normal and faulty patterns of respiration. But if this numbers reflect to the general population, there is a 3 in 4 chance that your patient will have faulty breathing patterns.
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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