Principles of Exercise
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The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. For most adults, an exercise program including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is indispensable to improve and maintain physical fitness and health. An exercise training program ideally is designed to meet individual health and physical fitness goals within the context of individual health status, function, and the respective physical and social environment.[1]. Conclusive scientific evidence, based on a wide range of well-conducted studies, shows that physically active people have higher levels of healthrelated fitness, a lower risk profile for developing a number of disabling medical conditions, and lower rates of various chronic noncommunicable diseases than do people who are inactive.
Training involves an organized sequence of exercises that stimulates improvements, or adaptations, in anatomy and physiology. These adaptations require adherence to carefully designed training programs with attention focused on factors such as frequency, intensity, type of training, time or duration (FITT) and rest intervals.[2].
ACSM recommends to use the FITT method:
- Frequency (how often)
- Intensity (how hard)
- Time (duration or how long)
- Type(mode or what kind)
- Volume (amount)
- Progression (advancement)
It should be noted that some individuals may not respond as expected because there is appreciable individual variability in the magnitude of response to a particular exercise regimen. Furthermore, the FITT principle of exercise may not apply in certain cases because of individual characteristics (e.g., health status, physical ability, age) or athletic and performance goals. Accommodations to the exercise should be made for individuals with clinical conditions and healthy individuals with special considerations[1].
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The main principles of exercise training are well established in the exercise field; these are specificity, overload, progression, initial values, reversibility and diminishing returns[3].Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults:guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334–59.
- ↑ Bachl N, Baron R, Smekal G. Principles of Exercise Physiology and Conditioning. Clinical Sports Medicine, 2007.
- ↑ Campbell K, Neil SE, Winters-Stone KM. Review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to principles of exercise training. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2011.
