Principles of Exercise

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The scientific evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise is indisputable, and the benefits of exercise far outweigh the risks in most adults. For most adults, an exercise program including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercise training is indispensable to improve and maintain physical fitness and health. An exercise training program ideally is designed to meet individual  health and physical fitness goals within the context of individual health status, function, and the respective physical and social environment.[1].

The main principles of exercise training are well established in the exercise field; these are specificity, overload, progression, initial values, reversibility and diminishing returns[2].

A recommendation by ACSM and others is to use the FITT method: Frequency, Intensity, Time (duration), and Type of exercise.

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  1. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults:guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334–59.
  2. Campbell K, Neil SE, Winters-Stone KM. Review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to principles of exercise training. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2011.