Cervicitis
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Rachael Lewin, Victoria Loving, Lucinda hampton, Elaine Lonnemann, Kim Jackson, 127.0.0.1 and WikiSysop
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Cervicitis is defined as the inflammatory response of the cervix to a particular stimuli
Can be acute or chronic; with chronic occurring due to inadequate treatment or recurrent inflammation
Non-specific cervicitis is the most common; meaning that it is unrelated to an STI like chlamydia or gonnorhea
A single instance or acute cervicitis is usually due to an infection like chlamydia or gonnorhea, while chronic is typically due to a non-infectious source
If left untreated cervicitis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Cervicitis is currently rarely reported to epidemiologists making true numbers for prevalence roughly estimated from about 8%-40%
- About 61% of cervicitis cases are of unknown etiology
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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Definition/Description
- Cervicitis is defined as the inflammatory response of the cervix to a particular stimuli
- Can be acute or chronic; with chronic occurring due to inadequate treatment or recurrent inflammation
- Non-specific cervicitis is the most common; meaning that it is unrelated to an STI like chlamydia or gonnorhea
- A single instance or acute cervicitis is usually due to an infection like chlamydia or gonnorhea, while chronic is typically due to a non-infectious source
- If left untreated cervicitis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
Prevalence
Cervicitis is currently rarely reported to epidemiologists making true numbers for prevalence roughly estimated from about 8%-40%
- About 61% of cervicitis cases are of unknown etiology
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation
In many case cervicitis remains asymptomatic
- If symptomatic, person may experience vaginal discharge, dyspereunia, intermenstrual bleeding, or postcoital bleeding
- Occasionally will present in an abnormal fashion, such as a cervical growth or uterovaginal prolapse, but that is rare and usually due to delayed or no treatment
Associated Comorbidities
In many cases, Mycoplasma Gentialium bacteria occurs simultaneously with cervicitis
- Gonnorhea and chlamydia is also commonly found in correlation with cervicitis
Medications
Antibiotics are frequently given once cervicitis is found
- No other medications are usually prescribed to help with this condition
Diagnostic Tests/ Lab Values/ Lab Tests
In order to diagnose a culture is taken to look for mucopurulent discharge
- Culture taken to look for specific bacteria like chlamydia, gonnorhea, or mycoplasma genitalium
Etiology/Causes
Cervicitis can be associated with preterm childbirth and pelvic inflammatory disease
- Chlamydia, gonnorhea, trichomonas, bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasma genitalium are all seen to contribute to acture, infectious cervicitis
- Decreased use of condoms with sexual activity are shown to increase the risk for acquiring cervicitis
- Lower education and multiple sexual partners were also seen to contribute to the condition
- Cytomegalovirus has recently been shown to lead to cervicitis as well
Systemic Involvement
Untreated, cervicitis can lea to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Postcoital bleeding is also a common occurence when cervicitis in inadequately or not treated
Medical Management
Best evidence, is currently antibiotic therapies
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine is now being introduced to treat this diagnosis
Physical Therapy Management
Electrotherapy
- Magnet therapy
- Heat therapy
- Light therapy
- External high frequency calorimetry
- Low frequency pulsed ultrasound therapy
- Iontophoresis
- Shortwave ultrasound combined with intermediate frequency electrical stimulation
- Ozone therapy
- Shortwave diathermy
Differential Diagnosis
Cystic cervicitis
- Vaginosis
- Vulva vaginitis
- Herpes Simplex Virus
Case Reports/Studies
Singh N, Arora A. An Extreme Case of Chronic Cervicitis Mimicking Cervical Cancer and Causing Third-Degree Prolapse. Journal Of Gynecologic Surgery [serial online]. December 2014;30(6):380-382. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 23, 2017.
Resources
https://www.plannedparenthood.org
References