Female Athlete Triad
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
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Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors. Along with health care providers, all coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during long term disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Due to inconsistencies and limitations in criteria defining Female Athlete Triad, study methodology, and experimental design there is an evident discrepancy in the literature when determining the prevalence of the triad. The chances of all three conditions of the triad presenting simultaneously are low, ranging from 0% to 16%. The odds of two conditions presenting at the same time range from 3% to 27%. Generally, most common to just have one of the conditions present with the odds ranging from 16% to 60%.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Since a diagnosis for Female Athlete Triad is possible without having all three components of the triad, it is possible for sedentary and normally active females to be diagnosed with the syndrome at rates that are only slightly less than competitive female athletes.Cite error: Invalid <ref>
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
- Weight loss
- Absent or irregular periods
- Fatigue
- Stress fractures
- Restrictive dieting
- Binge eating
- Induced vomiting
- Excessive exercise
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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Original Editor <a href="User:Aarti Sareen">Aarti Sareen</a>
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