Neck Hump: Difference between revisions

m (The "Definition" section is updated.)
(Updated "Aetiology")
Line 18: Line 18:
# Cervical Lipodystrophy: Refers to a metabolic change seen in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Due to lipohypertrophy, localized abnormal fat accumulation may occur in the dorso-cervical area. <ref>Carrese E, Morandi U, Stefani A, Aramini B. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221026121930402X#bib0020 Total thyroidectomy in HIV positive patient with buffalo hump and taurine neck]. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2019 Jan 1;61:64-6.</ref>
# Cervical Lipodystrophy: Refers to a metabolic change seen in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Due to lipohypertrophy, localized abnormal fat accumulation may occur in the dorso-cervical area. <ref>Carrese E, Morandi U, Stefani A, Aramini B. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221026121930402X#bib0020 Total thyroidectomy in HIV positive patient with buffalo hump and taurine neck]. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2019 Jan 1;61:64-6.</ref>
# Dowager’s hump: It refers to the curvature with a [[Cobb Angle|Cobb angle]] of more than 40 degrees in [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|hyperkyphosis]]. <ref name=":0">Chau C, Chu EC, Huang KH, Tam D, Cheung G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478669/ Remission of Dowager’s hump by manipulative correction of spinal alignment: a case report]. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2023 Jun;16(6):957.</ref> It can be due to muscle weakness or sensory deficits <ref>Chu EC, Wong AY. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636150/ Cervicogenic dizziness in an 11-year-old girl: a case report]. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2021 Nov 26:111-6.</ref> and if left untreated can lead to functional limitations, increased risk of falls and vertebral fractures, and low quality of life. <ref name=":0" />
# Dowager’s hump: It refers to the curvature with a [[Cobb Angle|Cobb angle]] of more than 40 degrees in [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|hyperkyphosis]]. <ref name=":0">Chau C, Chu EC, Huang KH, Tam D, Cheung G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478669/ Remission of Dowager’s hump by manipulative correction of spinal alignment: a case report]. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2023 Jun;16(6):957.</ref> It can be due to muscle weakness or sensory deficits <ref>Chu EC, Wong AY. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636150/ Cervicogenic dizziness in an 11-year-old girl: a case report]. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2021 Nov 26:111-6.</ref> and if left untreated can lead to functional limitations, increased risk of falls and vertebral fractures, and low quality of life. <ref name=":0" />
# [[Cushing's Syndrome]]
# [[Cushing's Syndrome]]: One of the signs of this syndrome is supraclavicular/dorsocervical fat pad (buffalo hump) with a prevalence rate of 50%. <ref>Savas M, Mehta S, Agrawal N, van Rossum EF, Feelders RA. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jne.13114 Approach to the patient: diagnosis of Cushing syndrome]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022 Nov 1;107(11):3162-74.</ref>
# Madelung's disease: Also known as Launois-Bensaude syndrome <ref>Jang N, Shin HW, Kim J, Yoon KC. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7644345/ A case report of Madelung’s disease. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery]. 2020 Oct;21(5):305.</ref>, is a rare disorder of adipose metabolism, and refers to the multiple, symmetrical lipomatosis / benign symmetric lipomatosis. <ref>Tsilivigkos C, Mastronikolis S, Lygeros S, Tsilimpoti D, Papadas T. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ccr3.4288 Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) with symptoms and signs of hypertension, lipodystrophy, and dyspnea: A case report and literature review]. Clinical Case Reports. 2021 Jun;9(6):e04288.</ref><ref>Liu SZ, Zhou X, Wang YP, Liu Y, Song A. The Madelung’s disease and the buffalo hump sign. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020 Mar 1;113(3):219-.</ref> Nonencapsulated lipomas (fatty masses) can present in different parts of the body, including the neck. <ref>Nisi G, Sisti A. Madelung's disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374(6):572-.</ref>
# Madelung's disease: Also known as Launois-Bensaude syndrome <ref>Jang N, Shin HW, Kim J, Yoon KC. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7644345/ A case report of Madelung’s disease. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery]. 2020 Oct;21(5):305.</ref>, is a rare disorder of adipose metabolism and refers to multiple, symmetrical lipomatosis / benign symmetric lipomatosis. <ref>Tsilivigkos C, Mastronikolis S, Lygeros S, Tsilimpoti D, Papadas T. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ccr3.4288 Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) with symptoms and signs of hypertension, lipodystrophy, and dyspnea: A case report and literature review]. Clinical Case Reports. 2021 Jun;9(6):e04288.</ref><ref>Liu SZ, Zhou X, Wang YP, Liu Y, Song A. The Madelung’s disease and the buffalo hump sign. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020 Mar 1;113(3):219-.</ref> Nonencapsulated lipomas (fatty masses) can present in different parts of the body, including the neck. <ref>Nisi G, Sisti A. Madelung's disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374(6):572-.</ref>
# [[Osteoporosis]]
# [[Osteoporosis]]: One of the clinical symptoms of osteoporosis in older adults is dowager’s hump. <ref>Zhang Q, Cai W, Wang G, Shen X. Prevalence and contributing factors of osteoporosis in the elderly over 70 years old: an epidemiological study of several community health centers in Shanghai. Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Mar 1;9(2):231-8.</ref>
# Obesity
# Obesity: A study <ref>Gün E, Uzun H, Bolu S, Arslanoğlu İ, Kocabay K. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in children ages 5–17. Primary care diabetes. 2020 Dec 1;14(6):741-6.</ref> showed a meaningful difference between the obese and control group with more cases of adipomastia, and buffalo hump seen in the obese group.
# Genetics
# Genetics: Although any specific gene to cause buffalo hump has not been declared, it is known that some people may have a genetic predisposition to obesity and fat accumulation in certain areas of the body, thus having buffalo hump.


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==

Revision as of 20:29, 12 October 2023

This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (12/10/2023)

Original Editor - Sehriban Ozmen

Top Contributors - Sehriban Ozmen and Lucinda hampton  

Definition[edit | edit source]

The neck hump, also called buffalo hump, is a postural change that develops in the dorso-cervical area due to different causes such as postural issues, some of diseases, medications, obesity and genetic factors.

Clinically Relevant Anatomy[edit | edit source]

Aetiology[edit | edit source]

  1. Cervical Lipodystrophy: Refers to a metabolic change seen in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Due to lipohypertrophy, localized abnormal fat accumulation may occur in the dorso-cervical area. [1]
  2. Dowager’s hump: It refers to the curvature with a Cobb angle of more than 40 degrees in hyperkyphosis. [2] It can be due to muscle weakness or sensory deficits [3] and if left untreated can lead to functional limitations, increased risk of falls and vertebral fractures, and low quality of life. [2]
  3. Cushing's Syndrome: One of the signs of this syndrome is supraclavicular/dorsocervical fat pad (buffalo hump) with a prevalence rate of 50%. [4]
  4. Madelung's disease: Also known as Launois-Bensaude syndrome [5], is a rare disorder of adipose metabolism and refers to multiple, symmetrical lipomatosis / benign symmetric lipomatosis. [6][7] Nonencapsulated lipomas (fatty masses) can present in different parts of the body, including the neck. [8]
  5. Osteoporosis: One of the clinical symptoms of osteoporosis in older adults is dowager’s hump. [9]
  6. Obesity: A study [10] showed a meaningful difference between the obese and control group with more cases of adipomastia, and buffalo hump seen in the obese group.
  7. Genetics: Although any specific gene to cause buffalo hump has not been declared, it is known that some people may have a genetic predisposition to obesity and fat accumulation in certain areas of the body, thus having buffalo hump.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Carrese E, Morandi U, Stefani A, Aramini B. Total thyroidectomy in HIV positive patient with buffalo hump and taurine neck. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2019 Jan 1;61:64-6.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chau C, Chu EC, Huang KH, Tam D, Cheung G. Remission of Dowager’s hump by manipulative correction of spinal alignment: a case report. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2023 Jun;16(6):957.
  3. ↑ Chu EC, Wong AY. Cervicogenic dizziness in an 11-year-old girl: a case report. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2021 Nov 26:111-6.
  4. ↑ Savas M, Mehta S, Agrawal N, van Rossum EF, Feelders RA. Approach to the patient: diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2022 Nov 1;107(11):3162-74.
  5. ↑ Jang N, Shin HW, Kim J, Yoon KC. A case report of Madelung’s disease. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020 Oct;21(5):305.
  6. ↑ Tsilivigkos C, Mastronikolis S, Lygeros S, Tsilimpoti D, Papadas T. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) with symptoms and signs of hypertension, lipodystrophy, and dyspnea: A case report and literature review. Clinical Case Reports. 2021 Jun;9(6):e04288.
  7. ↑ Liu SZ, Zhou X, Wang YP, Liu Y, Song A. The Madelung’s disease and the buffalo hump sign. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020 Mar 1;113(3):219-.
  8. ↑ Nisi G, Sisti A. Madelung's disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374(6):572-.
  9. ↑ Zhang Q, Cai W, Wang G, Shen X. Prevalence and contributing factors of osteoporosis in the elderly over 70 years old: an epidemiological study of several community health centers in Shanghai. Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Mar 1;9(2):231-8.
  10. ↑ Gün E, Uzun H, Bolu S, Arslanoğlu İ, Kocabay K. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with insulin resistance independently of obesity in children ages 5–17. Primary care diabetes. 2020 Dec 1;14(6):741-6.
Retrieved from "https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Neck_Hump&oldid=342344"