Tonic labyrinthine reflex: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TNR) refers to the response of an infant's body when held in a prone suspension. When the infant's neck is flexed, their shoulders protract and their hips flex. However, when the baby's neck is extended, their shoulders retreat and their hips extend.<ref>Polin RA, Ditmar MF. [https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uql/reader.action?docID=1430212&ppg=1 Pediatric Secrets E-Book]. St. Louis: Mosby; 2010.</ref> | The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TNR) refers to the response of an infant's body when held in a prone suspension. When the infant's neck is flexed, their shoulders protract and their hips flex. However, when the baby's neck is extended, their shoulders retreat and their hips extend.<ref>Polin RA, Ditmar MF. [https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uql/reader.action?docID=1430212&ppg=1 Pediatric Secrets E-Book]. St. Louis: Mosby; 2010.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 03:25, 22 April 2023
Original Editor - Trista Chan
Top Contributors - Trista Chan
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (22/04/2023)
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TNR) refers to the response of an infant's body when held in a prone suspension. When the infant's neck is flexed, their shoulders protract and their hips flex. However, when the baby's neck is extended, their shoulders retreat and their hips extend.[1]
Emergence & Integration[edit | edit source]
The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex emergences by two weeks from birth. It usually integrates by 24 months.[3]
Position[edit | edit source]
Placing infant into prone and supine position
Stimulus & Response[edit | edit source]
In the prone position, the baby will flex the neck and limbs. In supine position, the baby will extend the neck and limbs.
Clinical Implication[edit | edit source]
Infant pattern of movement is often assessed in neonates and children as a part of their neurological assessment. Absence, abnormal or persistent primitive reflex may be associated with problematic central nervous system or motor development.[4]In particular, the disintegration of the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex is associated with delayed neuromotor development. [5]Children with persistent TLR may experience difficulties with balance, orientation, and restoring emotional and physical equilibrium.[6] This can also affect binocular vision, which results in frequent timing errors.[6] A common clinical presentation of persistent TLR in children is toe- walking, especially in children with autism spectrum disorder.[7]
Testing for Persistent Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex[edit | edit source]
To test for the Tonic labyrinthine Reflex, the child should stand with feet together and arms beside the body. The child will then lift the head up, close the eyes and hold for 10 seconds. After 10 seconds, the child should look down slowly and hold for another 10 seconds. Repeat the whole process for four times. [6]
If a child has persistent Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex, they may experience various symptoms such unsteady balance during tests, alteration in muscle tone, disorientation or loss of balance completely.[6] It is important to supportive child throughout the test and cease testing if the child becomes dizzy or nauseous.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Polin RA, Ditmar MF. Pediatric Secrets E-Book. St. Louis: Mosby; 2010.
- ↑ Primitive reflexes- TLR [Internet]. YouTube. YouTube; 2015 [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0hoBFskgg0
- ↑ Capute AJ, Wachtel RC, Palmer FB, Shapiro BK, Accardo PJ. A prospective study of three postural reactions. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2008;24(4):314–20.
- ↑ P; MAKT. Primitive reflexes [Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32119493/
- ↑ Mandich M;Simons CJ;Ritchie S;Schmidt D;Mullett M; Motor development, infantile reactions and postural responses of preterm, at-risk infants [Internet]. Developmental medicine and child neurology. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8168658/
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 M; GEZCAMP-B. Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated motor problems in healthy preschool children [Internet]. Archives of medical science : AMS. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29379547/
- ↑ W; APJB. Toe walking in autism: Further observations [Internet]. Journal of child neurology. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24563477/
- ↑ Testing for a persistent tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) [Internet]. YouTube. YouTube; 2020 [cited 2023Apr22]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7m7poKTxaQ&t=18s
