Motor Control and Learning: Difference between revisions
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| valign="top" | Adams Closed Loop Theory | | valign="top" | Adams Closed Loop Theory | ||
| align="center" valign="top" | | | align="center" valign="top" | Adams | ||
| align="center" valign="top" | 1971 | | align="center" valign="top" | 1971 | ||
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*Closed Loop - Sensory feedback is used for the ongoing production of skilled movement | *Closed Loop - Sensory feedback is used for the ongoing production of skilled movement | ||
*Slow movements | *Slow movements | ||
*Relies on sensory feedback (Sherrington) | *Relies on sensory feedback (Sherrington) | ||
*Blocked Practice | *Blocked Practice | ||
*Errors = Bad! Needs to be accurate! | *Errors = Bad! Needs to be accurate! | ||
*Memory Trace - Initiation of movement | *Memory Trace - Initiation of movement | ||
*Perceptual Trace - Built up over a period of practice & is the reference of correctness. | *Perceptual Trace - Built up over a period of practice & is the reference of correctness. | ||
*Improvements = Increased capability of performer to use the reference in closed loop | *Improvements = Increased capability of performer to use the reference in closed loop | ||
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*Perform same exact mvmt repeatedly to one accurate end point | *Perform same exact mvmt repeatedly to one accurate end point | ||
*Increase Practice → Increase Learning | *Increase Practice → Increase Learning | ||
*Errors produced during learning → Increase strength of incorrect perceptual trace | *Errors produced during learning → Increase strength of incorrect perceptual trace | ||
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| valign="top" | Schmidt's Schema Theory | | valign="top" | Schmidt's Schema Theory | ||
| valign="top" align="center" | | | valign="top" align="center" | Schmidt | ||
| align="center" valign="top" | 1975 | | align="center" valign="top" | 1975 | ||
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*Open Loop | *Open Loop | ||
*Schema - Abstract memory representation for events → RULE | *Schema - Abstract memory representation for events → RULE | ||
*Generalized Motor Program - Rules that allow for the generation of novel movements | *Generalized Motor Program - Rules that allow for the generation of novel movements | ||
*Rapid, ballistic movements = recall memory withmotor programs and parameters to carry out movement without peripheral feedback | *Rapid, ballistic movements = recall memory withmotor programs and parameters to carry out movement without peripheral feedback | ||
*Variability of Practice → Improve Motor Learning | *Variability of Practice → Improve Motor Learning | ||
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*Optimal Learning → Task practiced under many different conditions | *Optimal Learning → Task practiced under many different conditions | ||
*Positive benefits for error production (learn from own mistakes) | *Positive benefits for error production (learn from own mistakes) | ||
*Schema has rules for all stored elements, not just correct elements | *Schema has rules for all stored elements, not just correct elements | ||
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| valign="top" | Ecological Theory | | valign="top" | Ecological Theory | ||
| valign="top" align="center" | | | valign="top" align="center" | Newell | ||
| valign="top" | 1991 | | valign="top" | 1991 | ||
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*Based on Systems & Ecological Motor Control Theories | *Based on Systems & Ecological Motor Control Theories | ||
*Motor Learnining = Increases coordination between perception and action thru task & environmental constraints. | *Motor Learnining = Increases coordination between perception and action thru task & environmental constraints. | ||
*Perceptual-motor workspace - Identifies mvmts and perceptual cues most relevant to performance of task | *Perceptual-motor workspace - Identifies mvmts and perceptual cues most relevant to performance of task | ||
*Optimal task-relevant mapping of perception & action → NO Rules! | *Optimal task-relevant mapping of perception & action → NO Rules! | ||
Revision as of 07:52, 11 March 2016
Definition[edit | edit source]
Therories & Models[edit | edit source]
Theories of Motor Control[edit | edit source]
MOTOR CONTROL THEORY | AUTHOR | DATE | PREMISE | CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS |
Reflex Theory | Sherrington | 1906 |
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Dynamical Systems Theory |
Bernstein Turvey Kelso & Tuller Thelen |
1967 1977 1984 1987 |
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Hierarchical Theories | Adams | 1971 |
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Motor Program Theory | Schmidt | 1976 |
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Ecological Theories | Gibson & Pick | 2000 |
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Systems Model | Shumway-Cook | 2007 |
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Theories of Motor Learning[edit | edit source]
MOTOR LEARNING THEORY | AUTHOR | DATE | PREMISE | CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS |
Adams Closed Loop Theory | Adams | 1971 |
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Schmidt's Schema Theory | Schmidt | 1975 |
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Ecological Theory | Newell | 1991 |
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