Motor Control and Learning: Difference between revisions
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| '''MOTOR LEARNING THEORY ''' | | '''MOTOR LEARNING THEORY ''' | ||
| '''AUTHOR''' | | '''AUTHOR''' | ||
| '''DATE''' | | '''DATE''' | ||
| '''PREMISE''' | | '''PREMISE''' | ||
| '''CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS''' | | '''CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS''' | ||
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| Adams Closed Loop Theory | | valign="top" | Adams Closed Loop Theory | ||
| align="center" valign="top" | JA Adams | |||
| align="center" valign="top" | 1971 | |||
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*Closed Loop - Sensory feedback is used for the ongoing production of skilled movement | |||
*Slow movements | |||
*Relies on sensory feedback (Sherrington) | |||
*Blocked Practice | |||
*Errors = Bad! Needs to be accurate! | |||
*Memory Trace - Initiation of movement | |||
*Perceptual Trace - Built up over a period of practice & is the reference of correctness. | |||
*Improvements = Increased capability of performer to use the reference in closed loop | |||
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*Perform same exact mvmt repeatedly to one accurate end point | |||
*Increase Practice → Increase Learning | |||
*Errors produced during learning → Increase strength of incorrect perceptual trace | |||
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| Schmidt's Schema Theory | | valign="top" | Schmidt's Schema Theory | ||
| | | valign="top" align="center" | Richard Schmidt | ||
| align="center" valign="top" | 1975 | |||
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*Open Loop | |||
*Schema - Abstract memory representation for events → RULE | |||
*Generalized Motor Program - Rules that allow for the generation of novel movements | |||
*Rapid, ballistic movements = recall memory withmotor programs and parameters to carry out movement without peripheral feedback | |||
*Variability of Practice → Improve Motor Learning | |||
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*Optimal Learning → Task practiced under many different conditions | |||
*Positive benefits for error production (learn from own mistakes) | |||
*Schema has rules for all stored elements, not just correct elements | |||
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| Ecological Theory | | valign="top" | Ecological Theory | ||
| | | valign="top" align="center" | Karl Newell | ||
| | | valign="top" | 1991 | ||
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| | *Based on Systems & Ecological Motor Control Theories | ||
*Motor Learnining = Increases coordination between perception and action thru task & environmental constraints. | |||
*Perceptual-motor workspace - Identifies mvmts and perceptual cues most relevant to performance of task | |||
*Optimal task-relevant mapping of perception & action → NO Rules! | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
*Patient learns to distinguish relevant perceptual cues important to action. | |||
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Revision as of 07:51, 11 March 2016
Definition[edit | edit source]
Therories & Models[edit | edit source]
Theories of Motor Control[edit | edit source]
MOTOR CONTROL THEORY | AUTHOR | DATE | PREMISE | CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS |
Reflex Theory | Sherrington | 1906 |
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Dynamical Systems Theory |
Bernstein Turvey Kelso & Tuller Thelen |
1967 1977 1984 1987 |
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Hierarchical Theories | Adams | 1971 |
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Motor Program Theory | Schmidt | 1976 |
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Ecological Theories | Gibson & Pick | 2000 |
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Systems Model | Shumway-Cook | 2007 |
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Theories of Motor Learning[edit | edit source]
MOTOR LEARNING THEORY | AUTHOR | DATE | PREMISE | CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS |
Adams Closed Loop Theory | JA Adams | 1971 |
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Schmidt's Schema Theory | Richard Schmidt | 1975 |
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Ecological Theory | Karl Newell | 1991 |
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