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| | #REDIRECT [[Hip Labral Disorders]] |
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| '''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. [[Physiopedia:Editors|Read more.]]
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| == Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> ==
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| The hip labral complex is a fibrocartilaginous structure that lines the acetabular socket and increases its surface area by 28%.<sup>1</sup> It functions to increase joint stability and contibutes to propreoceptive feedback. The labrum works to maintain approriate synovial fluid pressure and keeps the fluid within the articular cartilage to decrease the forces of direct load between the femoral head and acetabular surfaces.The labrum is comprised of type I collagen and is typically between 2-3mm thick. It is thinner in the anterior region and is thought to be more highly innervated anteriorly and superiorly via free nerve endings.<sup>1</sup><br>
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| == Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> ==
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| There are five possible etiologies of labral tears that are currently recognized: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI),trauma,capsular laxity, dysplasia, and degeneration. <sup>1,2</sup> FAI has been categorized into two types: cam and pincer. Cam type impingment exists with a large femoral head with resulting abdnormal junction between the femoral head and neck. This causes impingement between the femur and acetabular rim, particularly during hip flexion and internal rotation.<sup>1</sup><br>Pincer impingement occurs with an acetabular overcoverage, causing abutment of the femoral head into the acetabulum.Cam impingement is the proposed etiology of atererosuperior labral tears, and pincer type is thought to be on eof the causes posterioinferior chondral lesions.<sup>2 </sup>Traumatic injury to the hip labum is thought to occur with a shearing force associated with twisting and falling. This can lead to joint instabililty resulitng in abnormal movment patterns with eventual degenerative changes and labral fraying.<sup>2</sup> Capsular laxity with resulting labral pathology is thought to occur in one of two ways; cartilage disorders (ie. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) or rotational laxity resulting from excessive external rotation. These forces are often seen in certain sports including ballet,hockey,and gymnastics. <sup>2 </sup>Hip dysplasia occurs with development of a shallow acetabular socket resulting in decreased coverage of the femoral head. This places increased stress into the anterior portion of the hip joint, resulting in impingement and possible tears over time. <sup>1</sup>
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| == Clinical Presentation ==
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| == Diagnostic Procedures ==
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| == Outcome Measures ==
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| == Management / Interventions<br> ==
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| == Differential Diagnosis<br> ==
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| == Key Evidence ==
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| == Resources <br> ==
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| == Case Studies ==
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| == Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) ==
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| == References ==
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| References will automatically be added here, see [[Adding References|adding references tutorial]].
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