Gait Development in the Growing Child: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
In the developing child, large stride-to-stride variations are seen, including frequent falls, due to the immature control of posture and gait. <ref>Hausdorff J.M, L. Zemany, C.K Peng, A.L Goldberger. Maturation of gait dynamics: stride-to-stride variability and its temporal organization in children. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1999:86(3):1040–1047.</ref> | In the developing child, large stride-to-stride variations are seen, including frequent falls, due to the immature control of posture and gait. <ref name=":0">Hausdorff J.M, L. Zemany, C.K Peng, A.L Goldberger. Maturation of gait dynamics: stride-to-stride variability and its temporal organization in children. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1999:86(3):1040–1047.</ref> | ||
== | Children at the age of 3 years are seen to have a mature gait. Any unsteadiness that can be visually observed develops into a stable gait pattern. Though, this does not mean that the gait has been fully matured. Gradual and progressive development in neuromuscular control and locomotor function continue beyond this age. There may be a decreased variability in gait after this age. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
Occasionally, the adult gait pattern is seen to show variability between strides. It is seen that the healthy adult locomotor system has a 'memory' where the change from alternating strides shows a gradual 'hidden' temporal structure that is associated with a long range fractal organization. In individuals with neurological disease or the elderly, especially those who experience frequent falls, there is an increase in stride-to-stride variability, and there is altered temporal organization of stride time dynamics. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Stride to Stride Variation == | |||
Successive stride-to-stride changes represents the time between one stride and the previous stride. The degree of stride-to-stride variability decreases as healthy children mature. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
Analyzing stride time dynamics in children may provide insight into the development of neuromuscular control. Stride time dynamics would not be fully matured by the age of 3. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
Stride time variability - | |||
Stride-to-stride variability is largest in the 4-year old group, a little smaller in the 7-year old group, and the smallest n the 11-year old group. It is seen that there is a highly significant effect of age on variability. The SD and CV was higher in the 3-4 agre group, than the 6-7 age group, and this was higher than the 11-14 age group. The stride-to-stride variability in the 11-14 years age group was similar to that found in healthy young adults. | |||
==== Stride Dynamics and Height ==== | |||
It is seen that, after a certain age range, stride length increases linearly wit age. However, the relationship between stride length and age becomes constant subsequent to accounting for height or leg length. | |||
There was a significant increase in walking speed in the 6-7 year old age group, compared to the 3-4 year old age group. However, relative velocity (velocity/height) was identical in these age groups. | |||
The studies also showed that the average values of stride time and walking velocity were age dependent. These average values were lowest in the 3-4 age group, moderate in the 6-7 age group, and highest in the 11-14 age group. | |||
It is noted that the temporal structure of gait variability is not fully developed in 7-year old children, whereas in the 11-14 year old age group the stride dynamics are similar to those found in healthy adults. | |||
== Sub Heading 3 == | == Sub Heading 3 == | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
In the developing child, large stride-to-stride variations are seen, including frequent falls, due to the immature control of posture and gait. [1]
Children at the age of 3 years are seen to have a mature gait. Any unsteadiness that can be visually observed develops into a stable gait pattern. Though, this does not mean that the gait has been fully matured. Gradual and progressive development in neuromuscular control and locomotor function continue beyond this age. There may be a decreased variability in gait after this age. [1]
Occasionally, the adult gait pattern is seen to show variability between strides. It is seen that the healthy adult locomotor system has a 'memory' where the change from alternating strides shows a gradual 'hidden' temporal structure that is associated with a long range fractal organization. In individuals with neurological disease or the elderly, especially those who experience frequent falls, there is an increase in stride-to-stride variability, and there is altered temporal organization of stride time dynamics. [1]
Stride to Stride Variation[edit | edit source]
Successive stride-to-stride changes represents the time between one stride and the previous stride. The degree of stride-to-stride variability decreases as healthy children mature. [1]
Analyzing stride time dynamics in children may provide insight into the development of neuromuscular control. Stride time dynamics would not be fully matured by the age of 3. [1]
Stride time variability -
Stride-to-stride variability is largest in the 4-year old group, a little smaller in the 7-year old group, and the smallest n the 11-year old group. It is seen that there is a highly significant effect of age on variability. The SD and CV was higher in the 3-4 agre group, than the 6-7 age group, and this was higher than the 11-14 age group. The stride-to-stride variability in the 11-14 years age group was similar to that found in healthy young adults.
Stride Dynamics and Height[edit | edit source]
It is seen that, after a certain age range, stride length increases linearly wit age. However, the relationship between stride length and age becomes constant subsequent to accounting for height or leg length.
There was a significant increase in walking speed in the 6-7 year old age group, compared to the 3-4 year old age group. However, relative velocity (velocity/height) was identical in these age groups.
The studies also showed that the average values of stride time and walking velocity were age dependent. These average values were lowest in the 3-4 age group, moderate in the 6-7 age group, and highest in the 11-14 age group.
It is noted that the temporal structure of gait variability is not fully developed in 7-year old children, whereas in the 11-14 year old age group the stride dynamics are similar to those found in healthy adults.
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
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