Chronic Kidney Disease: Difference between revisions

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD):

A progressive loss of glomerular function caused by a long-standing renal parenchymal disease. It is present when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for three consecutive months or greater than or equal to this value in patients with a kidney damage that is present for three or more months.^[1]
A non-communicable disease usually caused by diabetes and hypertension^[2]
Often involves a progressive loss of kidney function necessitating renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation). When a patient needs renal replacement therapy, the condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)^[3].

Filter the blood to remove excess water, minerals, and waste products of protein metabolism, producing urine in the process

Kidneys are involved in

Renal function tests

or

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 * A non-communicable disease usually caused by diabetes and hypertension<ref>Cockwell P, Fisher LA. [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)32977-0/fulltext The global burden of chronic kidney disease]. The Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):662-4.Available from:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)32977-0/fulltext (last accessed 20.10.2020)</ref>
 * Often involves a progressive loss of kidney function necessitating renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation). When a patient needs renal replacement therapy, the condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)<ref>Radiopedia [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519012/ Kidney Failure] Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519012/ (last accessed 20.10.2020)</ref>.
+== Function ==
+Filter the blood to remove excess water, minerals, and waste products of protein metabolism, producing urine in the process
+Kidneys are involved in
+* Blood pressure regulation
+* Regulation of body fluid volume, osmolality and pH
+* Vitamin D and red blood cell (RBC) production
+Renal function tests
+* Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
+* Electrolytes
+* Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (urea in the UK)
+* Creatinine levels<ref>Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/kidneys Kidneys] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/kidneys (last accessed 20.10.2020)</ref>
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