Manual Muscle Testing: Elbow Flexion
Original Editor - Claire Knott
Top Contributors - Claire Knott, Kim Jackson and Wanda van Niekerk
Muscles Involved:[edit | edit source]
Patient Positioning[edit | edit source]
- Grades 2 to 5 testing - patient is seated
- Grades 0 to 1 testing - patient is supine for 'gravity minimal' position
- Hand positioning depends on specific muscle:
- Biceps: supination
- Brachialis: pronation
- Brachioradialis: midposition
Therapist Position[edit | edit source]
- Therapist at test side
- Ensure wrist flexors are not contracting
- Palpation over intended test muscle
To Test[edit | edit source]
- Patient is to flex the elbow
- Grades 4 and 5 with resistance over flexor surface at the distal forearm with force in the direction opposite to flexion.[1]
- To satisfy grade 5 'normal muscle' performance criteria, the patient must have the ability to move through complete range of motion (active resistance testing) OR maintain an end point range (break testing) against maximum resistance.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle Testing-E-Book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013 Sep 27.
