Female Athlete Triad: Difference between revisions

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= Pathophysiology  =
The pathophysiology behind every triad is as follows:<br>
=== Disordered eating  ===
Eating disorders are characterized by a serious disturbance in eating, such as restriction of intake or bingeing, as well as excessive concern about body shape or weight. The term disordered eating itself was coined to include pathologic eating behaviors that do not meet the strict ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)'' requirements for anorexia or bulimia; thus, it includes, but is not limited to, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.These eating behaviours lead to negative energy balance and reduce energy avalibility. For more information on Anorexia nervosa &lt;a href="http://www.physio-pedia.com/Anorexia_Nervosa"&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt; and for Bulimia Nervosa&lt;a href="http://www.physio-pedia.com/Bulimia_Nervosa"&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt;<br>
=== Menstrual Dysfunction<br>  ===
This includes includes luteal suppression, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea and delayed menarche.<br>
In '''luteal suppression''' have luteal phase and a prolonged follicular phase in which estradiol levels decrease. The cycle length usually does not change; the athlete will continue to ovulate—although it may be later in the cycle—and usually has regular menstruation.'''Anovulation''' is marked by low levels of estradiol and progesterone, which deter follicular development, as well as by an absence of ovulation.'''Amenorrhea '''usually refers to secondary amenorrhea, though delayed menarche/primary amenorrhea can occur in young athletes. By consensus, secondary amenorrhea is defined as the “absence of menstrual cycles lasting more than 3 months after menarche has occurred.”'''Oligomenorrhea''' is defined as “greater than 35 days between cycles.” <br>
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Revision as of 01:26, 4 April 2017

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!

Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.

Top Contributors - James Chad Cissell, Michelle Walsh, Ethan Adams, Aarti Sareen, Lucinda hampton, Wanda van Niekerk, Regan Haley, Kim Jackson, Nicole Hills, Elaine Lonnemann, WikiSysop, Adam Vallely Farrell, 127.0.0.1, Oyemi Sillo, Claire Knott and Rishika Babburu  

Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad. (22)
Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors.
Energy Availability, Decreased Bone Density, and Amenorrhea.
All coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players. (17) It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis. (09)
Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.
Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during longterm disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction. (09)

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

Due to inconsistencies and limitations in criteria defining Female Athlete Triad, study methodology, and experimental design there is an evident discrepancy in the literature when determining the prevalence of the triad. The chances of all three conditions of the triad presenting simultaneously are low, ranging from 0% to 16%. The odds of two conditions presenting at the same time range from 3% to 27%. Generally, most common to just have one of the conditions present with the odds ranging from 16% to 60%. (12)

SInce a diagnosis for Female Athlete Triad is possible without having all three components of the triad, it is possible for sedentary and normally active females to be diagnosed with the syndrome at rates that are only slightly less than competitive female athletes. (19)(23)

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

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Original Editor <a href="User:Aarti Sareen">Aarti Sareen</a>

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[edit | edit source]

http://www.femaleathletetriad.org/

Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/erss.cgi?rss_guid=1bMp6-Tj_k-Tp3SHckuSwmk295VvEN0Zoxm7MyTLE-v7rkPM-e%7Ccharset=UTF-8%7Cshort%7Cmax=10
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