30 Seconds Sit To Stand Test

Original Editor - Adu Omotoyosi Johnson Top Contributors - Adu Omotoyosi Johnson, Lauren Lopez, Kim Jackson, Candace Goh, Mason Trauger, Oyemi Sillo and Lucinda hampton

Objective

The 30 Second Sit to Stand Test is also known as 30 second chair stand test ( 30CST), is for testing leg strength and endurance in older adults. It is part of the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test Battery. This test was developed to overcome the floor effect of the five or ten repetition sit to stand test in older adults.

Intended Population

• Adults 18-64 years
• Older adults and geriatric care (65 years and above)
• People with osteoarthritis

Method of Use

• The 30-Second Chair Test is administered using a folding chair without arms, with seat height of 17 inches (43.2 cm). The chair, with rubber tips on the legs, is placed against a wall to prevent it from moving.
• The participant is seated in the middle of the chair, back straight; feet approximately a shoulder width apart and placed on the floor at an angle slightly back from the knees, with one foot slightly in front of the other to help maintain balance. Arms are crossed at the wrists and held against the chest.
• Demonstrate the task both slowly and quickly.
• Have the patient practice a repetition or two before completing the test.
• If a patient must use their arms to complete the test they are scored 0.
• The participant is encouraged to complete as many full stands as possible within 30 seconds. The participant is instructed to fully sit between each stand.
• While monitoring the participant’s performance to ensure proper form, the tester silently counts the completion of each correct stand.  The score is the total number of stands within 30 seconds (more than halfway up at the end of 30 seconds counts as a full stand). Incorrectly executed stands are not counted.
• The 30-second chair stand involves recording the number of stands a person can complete in 30 seconds rather then the amount of time it takes to complete a pre-determined number of repetitions. That way, it is possible to assess a wide variety of ability levels with scores ranging from 0 for those who can not complete 1 stand to greater then 20 for more fit individuals.

Chair stand – Number of stands by age group

A below average number of stands for the patient’s age group indicates a high risk of falls.

WOMEN

Age group (years) Figures represent: Below Average; Average; Above Average

• 60 – 64: < 12; 12 – 17; >17
• 65 – 69: < 11; 11 – 16; >16
• 70 – 74: < 10; 10 – 15; >15
• 75 – 79: < 10; 10 – 15; >15
• 80 – 84: < 9; 9 – 14; >14
• 85 – 89: < 8; 8 – 13; >13
• 90 – 94: < 4; 4 – 11; >11

MEN

Age group (years) Below Average Average Above Average

• 60 – 64: < 14; 14 – 19; >19
• 65 – 69: < 12; 12 – 18; >18
• 70 – 74: < 12; 12 – 17; >17
• 75 – 79: < 11; 11 – 17; >17
• 80 – 84: < 10; 10 – 15; >15
• 85 – 89: < 8; 8 – 14; >14
• 90 – 94: < 7; 7 – 12; >12

Evidence

Community-dwelling Elderly Adults

Test/ Retest Reliability in Community-dwelling Elderly

• Excellent test-retest reliability total number of participants: r = 0.89 (95% Confidence interval 0.79-0.93)

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability in Community-dwelling Elderly

A pilot study using a subsample of 15 participants shows excellent interrater reliability: r = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.84-0.97)

Criterion Validity: Predictive /Concurrent

• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg press performance for all participants: r = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.85
• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg press performance of men: r = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.88
• Excellent criterion validity of the chair stand compared to weight adjusted leg performance of women: r = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.53-0.84

Osteoarthritis

Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) in Hip Osteoarthritis

• SEM= 1.27

Test/Retest Reliability in Hip and Knee OA

• Established test-retest reliability between two administrations of the test on the same day by the same rater at three time points over 15 weeks in 40 patients awaiting total hip or knee replacement.  ICC (1,1) values ranged from 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.98) to 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99).

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability in Hip and Knee OA

• Established inter-rater reliability between two administrations of the same test by two different raters on the same day.  Reliability was assessed at three time points over 15 weeks in 42 patients awaiting total hip or knee replacement.  ICC (1,1) ranged from 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.96) to 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99).

Lower Limb Joint Replacement

Construct Validity in OA Individuals Awaiting Joint Replacement of the Hip or Knee

• Excellent correlation to the 50 ft. walk test: ICC = -0.64(95% CI = -0.75 to -0.49)
• Poor correlation to the Patient Specific Function Scale (PSFS): ICC = 0.26 (95% CI 0.04-0.45)
• Adequate correlation to the SF-36 Physical Function (SF-36 PF): ICC = 0.39 (95% CI 0.19-0.56)
• Adequate correlation to the SF-36 Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS): ICC = 0.35 (0.14-0.53)
• Excellent correlation to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC): ICC = -0.62 (95% CI -0.74 to -0.47)
• Adequate correlation to the SF-36 Mental Health (SF-36 MH): ICC = 0.33 (95% CI 0.12-0.51)  

Responsiveness in OA Individuals Awaiting Joint Replacement of the Hip or Knee

• Significantly higher scores for individuals who did not ambulate with gait aide compared to individuals who did ambulate with gait aid: p = 0.00, Effect size = 0.64 (95% CI 0.32-0.95)
• Standardized Response Mean (SRM) = 0.84 (95% CI 0.61-1.07)
• Guyatt’s Responsiveness Index (GRI) = 0.98 (95% CI 0.73-1.22)

Hemodialysis patients

• The STS-30 demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.90)
• There was significant strong correlation between STS-30 with exercise capacity (r = 0.724; p < 0.001)
• The 30-second Sit-to-Stand Test is reliable for identifying hemodialysis patients with exercise capacity impairment.