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User talk:Aarti Sareen

2012-05-17T11:40:40Z

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User:Aarti Sareen

2012-05-17T11:40:40Z

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- I am a student of Masters of Sports Physiotherapy from Guru Nanak Dev University(one of the best university for physiotherapy in Asia)
- Did my 4 and half year Bachelor of Physiotherapy from Khalsa college affiliated with Guru Nanak Dev University.
- Did certificate course in Clinical Nutrition.
- Certified first aid by St. John Ambulance.
- One year diploma in medical laboratory technology.
- Have one year of work experience as a Physiotherapist with a multiplicity hospital and have worked in Orthopedics, Rehabilitation, Neurology ,Cardiothoracic, Medicine, Surgery, Pediatric, Geriatrics units.
- Proactive in field and have attended at least 30 various workshops and conferences.
- Selected as a physiotherapist in college annual sports meet and physiotherapist of my state in National athletic competition 2011.
- Have 2 research publications,one in national journal and 2nd in a souvenir.

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Pain disability index

2012-05-17T10:52:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 17 May 2012
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-	~~ PAIN DISABILITY INDEX~~	+	'''Objective'''
		+
		+
		+
		+	'''Intended Population'''
		+
		+
		+
		+	'''Methode of Use'''
		+
		+
		+
		+	'''Evidence'''

User:Dimpu Charly Daniel Lazarus

2012-05-17T10:41:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 17 May 2012
(4 intermediate revisions not shown)
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	== Name ==		== Name ==

-	~~Add your full name here~~<br>	+	DIMPU CHARLY DANIEL LAZARUS<br>

	== About Me<br> ==		== About Me<br> ==

-	~~Add a bit about yourself here~~.<br>	+	• Team Player<br>• Planning<br>• Quick learner<br>• Coordination<br>.<br>

	== Education ==		== Education ==

-	~~Add your professional education here~~.	+	1.MPT: MASTER OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORTHOPAEDICS<br>
		+
		+	2.PGDHHM: POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HOSPITAL AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

	== Professional Affiliations<br> ==		== Professional Affiliations<br> ==

-	~~List the professional bodies that you are affiliated with here.~~	+	LIFE MEMBER - INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS<br>
		+
		+	HONORARY SECRETARY-SOUTH EAST INDIA REGION OF YMCA'S, INDIA

	== Professional Appointments<br> ==		== Professional Appointments<br> ==
Line 48:		Line 52:
	== Contact Details ==		== Contact Details ==

-	If you wish you can add your contact details here.  Please be aware that any details you publish here will be made public so make careful consideration of the details that you are making available.

-	~~<br>This User is a member of the Musculoskeletal / Orthopaedic group~~	+
		+	Email id: drcharlydaniel@gmail.com
		+
		+	Mobile: +91 9989714934

User talk:Ceren Yarar

2012-05-17T10:30:03Z

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User:Ceren Yarar

2012-05-17T10:30:03Z

Creating user page with biography of new user.

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ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

University of Alabama Post-doctoral Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
at Birmingham fellow

Auburn University Ph.D. Neuromechanics

Troy University M.S. Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Baskent University B.S. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

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User talk:Krutika Mehta

2012-05-17T10:13:30Z

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User:Krutika Mehta

2012-05-17T10:13:30Z

Creating user page with biography of new user.

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Having completed my Bachelors in first class from Sancheti College of Physiotherapy in February 2009, I practiced as a consulting and clinical physiotherapist in India. I have recently completed my Masters in Applying Physiotherapy (Musculoskeletal route) from Sheffield Hallam University, UK.

My achievements range from treating patients with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders and providing consultation as well. The treatment is based on scientific rationale, standards of care and professional guidelines. With strong communication and inter-personal skills let me also note that one of my strengths is my ability to build relationships within and outside the organization.

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This User is a member of the Amputees group

User talk:Dimpu Charly Daniel Lazarus

2012-05-17T10:12:59Z

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User:Dimpu Charly Daniel Lazarus

2012-05-17T10:12:59Z

Creating user page with biography of new user.

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HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL WITH INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
Health Care Professional
with International exposure

• ICCP: International Camp Counselor Program Volunteered among population with Developmental Disabilities at Camp Anne, run by AHRC, New York, U.S.A.

• PRESIDENT: Anantapur District Physiotherapists Association, Anantapur.

• Experience in teaching Anatomy & Physiology to Nursing Students

• Experience in Administration

• Knowledge about MS Office, Internet PC skills

• Worked as Fitness Manager for Talwalkars, Ulsoor Branch, Bangalore.
Worked as Manager: Operations in A.P for HealthSprint Networks, Bangalore

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 This User is a member of the Musculoskeletal / Orthopaedic group

User talk:Suzanne Taylor

2012-05-17T10:12:03Z

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User:Suzanne Taylor

2012-05-17T10:12:03Z

Creating user page with biography of new user.

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Having successfully gained an honours degree in physiotherapy, my aim is to now achieve full time employment. Throughout the course I have developed a wide range of key skills which will aid in my transition to an autonomous practitioner.

Completion of a broad scope of placements which include Orthopaedics, Respiratory, outpatients, learning disabilities and neurosurgery, I believe that I possess the ability to effectively and efficiently assess, treat and manage a wide range of conditions, ranging from acute respiratory to long term conditions. I also value the importance of reliable outcome measures to evidence my management. In addition, I have established my competence in organisation, time and caseload management accompanied with effective communication.

My specific interest is within neurological conditions in paediatrics, and I will truly thrive on developing my expertise within this area as I progress my professional career. Enthusiastic about the maintenance of CPD, I intend to complete a masters in the above field within the near future.

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User talk:Chaxu Doshi

2012-05-17T10:08:30Z

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User:Chaxu Doshi

2012-05-17T10:08:30Z

Creating user page with biography of new user.

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hi,i am dr. chaxu doshi,PT .I am Bachelor of physiotherapy from india
running my clinic in vadodara,gujarat,india since last 2 years.my clinic i m giving neuro,ortho and chest physiotherapy treatment. i m believing in evidence based practice.

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Patella alta

2012-05-16T21:07:57Z

Created page with "{{VUB}}"

New page

TMJ Anatomy

2012-05-16T06:36:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:36, 16 May 2012
(2 intermediate revisions not shown)
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	<div class="editorbox">		<div class="editorbox">
-	'''Original Editor '''- Heather Mariner	+	'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Heather Mariner\|Heather Mariner]]

	'''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page.  [[Physiopedia:Editors\|Read more.]]		'''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page.  [[Physiopedia:Editors\|Read more.]]
	</div>		</div>
		+	= TMJ Anatomy =
		+
		+	The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or  jaw joint is a bi-arthroidal hinge joint that allows the complex movements necessary for eating, swallowing, talking and yawning. Dysfunction of the TMJ can cause severe pain and lifestyle limitation. [[Temporomandibular_Disorders\|Temporomandibular disorders]] are common and sufferers will often seek physiotherapeutic advice and treatment. Good knowledge of the anatomy of the TMJ and related structures is essential to correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
		+
	== Joint ==		== Joint ==

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	[[Image:TMJdisc.jpg\|center\|500px]]		[[Image:TMJdisc.jpg\|center\|500px]]

-		+	<br>

	== Ligaments ==		== Ligaments ==
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	[[Image:TMJLatLigs.jpg\|center\|200px]]		[[Image:TMJLatLigs.jpg\|center\|200px]]

-	<br> '''The stylomandibular ~~''''''~~ligament''' runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible. '''The sphenomandibular ligament''' runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of mandible.	+	<br> '''The stylomandibular ligament''' runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible. '''The sphenomandibular ligament''' runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of mandible.

	<br>		<br>
Line 38:		Line 42:
	[[Image:TMJMalleusLig.jpg\|center\|250px]]		[[Image:TMJMalleusLig.jpg\|center\|250px]]

-	<br>	+	<br>

	== Muscles and Jaw Movement ==		== Muscles and Jaw Movement ==

Temporomandibular Disorders

2012-05-16T06:18:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:18, 16 May 2012
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	[[Image:Interactive head and neck - head and neck - L13F8.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|© Primal Pictures]] Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses disorders of the temporomandibular joint and its associated anatomical structures. The disorder may be intra-articular, due to inflammation, internal structural changes (internal derangement) or degeneration, or it may be extra- articular due to imbalance or over-activity of the jaw muscles, commonly the muscles of mastication or the cervical muscles. There is a strong correlation between postural dysfunction of the cervical spine and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause pain in the TMJ region. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis to ensure that the correct treatment is given and that potentially serious problems are not overlooked.  <br>		[[Image:Interactive head and neck - head and neck - L13F8.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|© Primal Pictures]] Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a broad term that encompasses disorders of the temporomandibular joint and its associated anatomical structures. The disorder may be intra-articular, due to inflammation, internal structural changes (internal derangement) or degeneration, or it may be extra- articular due to imbalance or over-activity of the jaw muscles, commonly the muscles of mastication or the cervical muscles. There is a strong correlation between postural dysfunction of the cervical spine and TMD. There are numerous other conditions that can cause pain in the TMJ region. It is important to make an accurate diagnosis to ensure that the correct treatment is given and that potentially serious problems are not overlooked.  <br>
		+
		+	= Relevant Anatomy =
		+
		+	[[TMJ_Anatomy\|TMJ Anatomy]]

	= Causes of TMD =		= Causes of TMD =
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	*Inflammatory Joint Diseases can affect the TMJ, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, infectious arthritis, Reiter syndrome and gout<ref name="Balasubramanium">Balasubramanium, R; Delcanho, R, Temporomandibular disorders and related headache; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Diagnosis and multidisciplinary approaches to management, Chapt 7, pg 76-77, Churchill Livingston Elsevier, 2009.</ref>.		*Inflammatory Joint Diseases can affect the TMJ, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, infectious arthritis, Reiter syndrome and gout<ref name="Balasubramanium">Balasubramanium, R; Delcanho, R, Temporomandibular disorders and related headache; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Diagnosis and multidisciplinary approaches to management, Chapt 7, pg 76-77, Churchill Livingston Elsevier, 2009.</ref>.

-	'''4. Hyper mobility '''can result in excessive anterior movement of the jaw and the articular disc. This will result in deviation of the jaw away from the affected side. There are usually some clicking sounds in the TMJ and there may or may not be pain. Hyper mobility may be related to connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or conditions such as Down’s syndrome and cerebral palsy. Long term hyper mobility can cause the articular disc to elongate and degenerate. The disc can then fail to reduce on closing, causing the TMJ to become stuck in an open position (Open Lock). This can often occur after opening the mouth to an extreme position, such as when singing or yawning or after a prolonged dental procedure.	+	'''4. Hyper mobility '''can result in excessive anterior movement of the jaw and the articular disc. This will result in deviation of the jaw away from the affected side. There are usually some clicking sounds in the TMJ and there may or may not be pain. Hyper mobility may be related to connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome or conditions such as Down’s syndrome and cerebral palsy. Long term hyper mobility can cause the articular disc to elongate and degenerate. The disc can then fail to reduce on closing, causing the TMJ to become stuck in an open position (Open Lock). This can often occur after opening the mouth to an extreme position, such as when singing or yawning or after a prolonged dental procedure.

	=== Extra-Articular Causes ===		=== Extra-Articular Causes ===
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	*Zito, G. Difficulties with the Differential Diagnosis of Cervicogenic and Temporomandibular Headache, MPA In Touch, Issue 2, 2008.		*Zito, G. Difficulties with the Differential Diagnosis of Cervicogenic and Temporomandibular Headache, MPA In Touch, Issue 2, 2008.

-	[[Category:Articles]][[Category:TMJ]][[Category:Condition]]	+	[[Category:Articles]] [[Category:TMJ]] [[Category:Condition]]

TMJ Anatomy

2012-05-16T06:15:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 16 May 2012
(5 intermediate revisions not shown)
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	'''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page.  [[Physiopedia:Editors\|Read more.]]		'''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page.  [[Physiopedia:Editors\|Read more.]]
	</div>		</div>
-	== ~~Capsule~~ ==	+	== Joint ==

-	The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.	+	'''Capsule - '''The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.

		+	'''Articular disc - '''The articular disc is a fibrous extension of the capsule that runs between the two articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint. The disc articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone above and the condyle of the mandible below. The disc divides the joint into two sections, each with its own synovial membrane. The disc is also attached to the condyle medially and laterally by the collateral ligaments. The anterior disc attaches to the joint capsule and the superior head of the lateral pterygoid. The posterior portion attaches to the mandibular fossa and is referred to as the retrodiscal tissue. (Miloro el at)

		+	'''Retrodiscal tissue - '''Unlike the disc itself, the retrodiscal tissue is vascular and highly innervated. As a result, the retrodiscal tissue is often a major contributor to the pain of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), particularly when there is inflammation or compression within the joint. (Langendoen et al)<br>

-	~~[[Image:TMJdisc.jpg\|center\|500px]]~~	+	<br>

-	~~== <br>Articular disc ==~~	+	[[Image:TMJdisc.jpg\|center\|500px]]

-	The articular disc is a fibrous extension of the capsule that runs between the two articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint. The disc articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone above and the condyle of the mandible below. The disc divides the joint into two sections, each with its own synovial membrane. The disc is also attached to the condyle medially and laterally by the collateral ligaments. The anterior disc attaches to the joint capsule and the superior head of the lateral pterygoid. The posterior portion attaches to the mandibular fossa and is referred to as the retrodiscal tissue. (Miloro el at)

-	~~== <br>Retrodiscal tissue ==~~

-	~~Unlike the disc itself,~~ the ~~retrodiscal tissue is vascular and highly innervated~~. ~~As a result, the retrodiscal tissue~~ is ~~often a major contributor to~~ the ~~pain~~ of ~~Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), particularly when there is inflammation or compression within~~ the ~~joint~~. ~~(Langendoen et al)~~<br>	+	== Ligaments ==
		+
		+	The ligaments give passive stability to the TMJ.
		+
		+	'''The temporomandibular ligament''' is the thickened lateral portion of the capsule, and it has two parts, an outer oblique portion and an inner horizontal portion.
		+
		+	[[Image:TMJLatLigs.jpg\|center\|200px]]
		+
		+	<br> '''The stylomandibular ''''''ligament''' runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible. '''The sphenomandibular ligament''' runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of mandible.

	<br>		<br>

-	~~== Ligaments ==~~	+	[[Image:TMJMedLigs.jpg\|center\|270px]]

-	The ligaments ~~give passive stability~~ to the TMJ.	+	<br> '''The oto-mandibular ligaments''' are the '''discomalleolar ligament''' (DML), which arises from the malleus (one of the ossicles of the middle ear) and runs to the medial retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ, and the '''anterior malleolar ligament''' (AML), which arises from the malleus and connects with the lingula of the mandible via the sphenomandibular ligament. (Loughner BA et al; Rowicki et al). The oto-mandibular ligaments may be implicated in tinnitus associated with TMD. Ren et al. (1995) and Kuttila et al. (2005) found a positive correlation between tinnitus and ipsilateral TMJ disorder.Eckerdal, 1991, Cheynet et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004; Wright & Bifano, 1997 proposed that a TMJ disorder may stretch the DML and AML, thereby affecting middle ear structure equilibrium. “It thus seems that otic symptoms (tinnitus, otalgia (ear pain), dizziness and hypoacusis) corresponding to altered ossicular spatial relationships (such as conductive middle ear pathologies) can also be produced from masticatory system pathologies.” (Ramírez, LM et al, 2009)

-	*The '''temporomandibular ligament''' is the thickened lateral portion of the capsule, and it has two parts, an outer oblique portion and an inner horizontal portion.	+	<br>
-	*The '''stylomandibular ligament''' runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible.	+
-	*The '''sphenomandibular ligament''' runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of mandible.	+
-	*The '''oto-mandibular ligaments''' are the '''discomalleolar ligament''' (DML), which arises from the malleus (one of the ossicles of the middle ear) and runs to the medial retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ, and the '''anterior malleolar ligament''' (AML), which arises from the malleus and connects with the lingula of the mandible via the sphenomandibular ligament. (Loughner BA et al; Rowicki et al). The oto-mandibular ligaments may be implicated in tinnitus associated with TMD. Ren et al. (1995) and Kuttila et al. (2005) found a positive correlation between tinnitus and ipsilateral TMJ disorder. Eckerdal, 1991, Cheynet et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004; Wright & Bifano, 1997 proposed that a TMJ disorder may stretch the DML and AML, thereby affecting middle ear structure equilibrium. “It thus seems that otic symptoms (tinnitus, otalgia (ear pain), dizziness and hypoacusis) corresponding to altered ossicular spatial relationships (such as conductive middle ear pathologies) can also be produced from masticatory system pathologies.” (Ramírez, LM et al, 2009)	+

-	<br>	+	[[Image:TMJMalleusLig.jpg\|center\|250px]]
		+
		+	<br>

	== Muscles and Jaw Movement ==		== Muscles and Jaw Movement ==

-	The jaw can move forward and back, side to side and can open and close. Each of these movements are performed by a number of muscles working together to perform the movement while controlling the position of the condyle within the mandibular fossa. Chewing and talking require a combination of jaw movements in a number of directions. (Standring; Saladin)	+	The jaw can move forward and back, side to side and can open and close. Each of these movements are performed by a number of muscles working together to perform the movement while controlling the position of the condyle within the mandibular fossa. Chewing and talking require a combination of jaw movements in a number of directions. (Standring; Saladin)

-	*'''Opening '''– inferior head of lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric, mylohyoid. Opening is also controlled by eccentric contraction of the closing muscles against gravity. Opening is a complex movement consisting of an early rotary component in the first 2-3cms of movement with a forward glide towards the end of range. The articular disc moves forward with the condyle as it glides forward, effectively extending the superior articular surface of the mandibular fossa.	+	*'''Opening '''– inferior head of lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric, mylohyoid. Opening is also controlled by eccentric contraction of the closing muscles against gravity. Opening is a complex movement consisting of an early rotary component in the first 2-3cms of movement with a forward glide towards the end of range. The articular disc moves forward with the condyle as it glides forward, effectively extending the superior articular surface of the mandibular fossa.
	*'''Closing '''– masseter, anterior and middle temporalis, medial pterygoid, superior head lateral pterygoid.		*'''Closing '''– masseter, anterior and middle temporalis, medial pterygoid, superior head lateral pterygoid.
-	*'''Protrusion '''– bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid.	+	*'''Protrusion '''– bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid.
-	*'''Retrusion '''– middle and posterior temporalis, possibly helped by deep posterior portion of masseter	+	*'''Retrusion '''– middle and posterior temporalis, possibly helped by deep posterior portion of masseter
	*'''Laterotrusion '''(side to side) – ipsilateral middle and posterior temporalis, contralateral inferior head lateral pterygoid.		*'''Laterotrusion '''(side to side) – ipsilateral middle and posterior temporalis, contralateral inferior head lateral pterygoid.

		+	<br>
		+
		+	[[Image:TMJMassTempMuscles.jpg\|left\|270px]][[Image:TMJPterygoids.jpg\|center\|250px]]<br>
		+	<div><br></div><div>[[Image:TMJDigastricHyoids.jpg\|center\|250px]]<br> </div>
	== References ==		== References ==

File:TMJDigastricHyoids.jpg

2012-05-16T06:00:48Z

uploaded "[[File:TMJDigastricHyoids.jpg]]" Digastric and hyoid muscles

TMJ Anatomy

2012-05-16T05:39:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:39, 16 May 2012
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	The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.		The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.
		+
		+
		+
		+	[[Image:TMJdisc.jpg\|center\|500px]]

	== <br>Articular disc ==		== <br>Articular disc ==

File:TMJdisc.jpg

2012-05-16T05:35:38Z

uploaded "[[File:TMJdisc.jpg]]" The Temporomandibular Joint

TMJ Anatomy

2012-05-16T05:30:49Z

New page

<div class="editorbox">
'''Original Editor '''- Heather Mariner

'''Lead Editors''' - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page.  [[Physiopedia:Editors|Read more.]]
</div>
== Capsule ==

The capsule is a fibrous membrane that surrounds the joint and attaches to the articular eminence, the articular disc and the neck of the mandibular condyle.

== Articular disc ==

The articular disc is a fibrous extension of the capsule that runs between the two articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint. The disc articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone above and the condyle of the mandible below. The disc divides the joint into two sections, each with its own synovial membrane. The disc is also attached to the condyle medially and laterally by the collateral ligaments. The anterior disc attaches to the joint capsule and the superior head of the lateral pterygoid. The posterior portion attaches to the mandibular fossa and is referred to as the retrodiscal tissue. (Miloro el at)

== Retrodiscal tissue ==

Unlike the disc itself, the retrodiscal tissue is vascular and highly innervated. As a result, the retrodiscal tissue is often a major contributor to the pain of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD), particularly when there is inflammation or compression within the joint. (Langendoen et al) 

 

== Ligaments ==

The ligaments give passive stability to the TMJ.

*The '''temporomandibular ligament''' is the thickened lateral portion of the capsule, and it has two parts, an outer oblique portion and an inner horizontal portion.
*The '''stylomandibular ligament''' runs from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible.
*The '''sphenomandibular ligament''' runs from the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of mandible.
*The '''oto-mandibular ligaments''' are the '''discomalleolar ligament''' (DML), which arises from the malleus (one of the ossicles of the middle ear) and runs to the medial retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ, and the '''anterior malleolar ligament''' (AML), which arises from the malleus and connects with the lingula of the mandible via the sphenomandibular ligament. (Loughner BA et al; Rowicki et al). The oto-mandibular ligaments may be implicated in tinnitus associated with TMD. Ren et al. (1995) and Kuttila et al. (2005) found a positive correlation between tinnitus and ipsilateral TMJ disorder. Eckerdal, 1991, Cheynet et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004; Wright & Bifano, 1997 proposed that a TMJ disorder may stretch the DML and AML, thereby affecting middle ear structure equilibrium. “It thus seems that otic symptoms (tinnitus, otalgia (ear pain), dizziness and hypoacusis) corresponding to altered ossicular spatial relationships (such as conductive middle ear pathologies) can also be produced from masticatory system pathologies.” (Ramírez, LM et al, 2009)

 

== Muscles and Jaw Movement ==

The jaw can move forward and back, side to side and can open and close. Each of these movements are performed by a number of muscles working together to perform the movement while controlling the position of the condyle within the mandibular fossa. Chewing and talking require a combination of jaw movements in a number of directions. (Standring; Saladin)

*'''Opening '''– inferior head of lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric, mylohyoid. Opening is also controlled by eccentric contraction of the closing muscles against gravity. Opening is a complex movement consisting of an early rotary component in the first 2-3cms of movement with a forward glide towards the end of range. The articular disc moves forward with the condyle as it glides forward, effectively extending the superior articular surface of the mandibular fossa.
*'''Closing '''– masseter, anterior and middle temporalis, medial pterygoid, superior head lateral pterygoid.
*'''Protrusion '''– bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid.
*'''Retrusion '''– middle and posterior temporalis, possibly helped by deep posterior portion of masseter
*'''Laterotrusion '''(side to side) – ipsilateral middle and posterior temporalis, contralateral inferior head lateral pterygoid.

== References ==

#Cheynet, F; Guyot, L; Richard, O; Layoun, W; Gola, R. Discomallear and malleomandibular ligaments: anatomical study and clinical applications. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 25:152-7, 2003.
#Eckerdal, O. The petrotympanic fissure: a link connecting the tympanic cavity and the temporomandibular joint. Cranio, 9:15-22, 1991.
#Kim, HJ; Jung, HS; Kwak, HH; Shim, KS; Hu, KS; Park, HD; Park, HW; Chung, IH. The discomallear ligament and the anterior ligament of malleus: an anatomic study in human adults and fetuses. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 26:39-45, 2004.
#Kuttila, S; Kuttila, M; Le Bell, BY; Alanen, P; Suonpaa, J. Recurrent tinnitus and associated ear symptoms in adults. Int. J. Audiol., 44:164-70, 2005.
#Langendoen, J; Müller, J; Jull, GA, Retrodiscal Tissue of the Temporomandibular Joint: Clinical Anatomy and its Role in Diagnosis and Treatment of Arthropathies, Manual Therapy, 2(4), 191-198, 1997.
#Loughner BA, Larkin LH, Mahan PE. Discomalleolar and anterior malleolar ligaments: possible causes of middle ear damage during temporomandibular joint surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. Jul; 68(1):14-22, 1989.
#Miloro, M; Ghali, GE; Larsen, P; Waite, P; Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Volume 2, Chapter 47, 2004.
#Ren, YF; Isberg, A. Tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Cranio, 13:75-80, 1995.
#Ramírez, LM; Ballesteros, ALE; Sandoval, OGP. A direct anatomical study of the morphology and functionality of disco-malleolar and anterior malleolar ligaments. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):367-379, 2009.
#Rowicki, T; Zakrzewska, J. "A study of the discomalleolar ligament in the adult human." Folia Morphol. (Warsz). 65 (2): 121–125, 2006.
#Saladin, KS; Human Anatomy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
#Standring, S, Editor, Gray’s Anatomy, 40th edition, Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone, 2008.
#Wright, EF; Bifano, SL. Tinnitus improvement through TMD therapy. J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 128:1424-32, 1997.

User talk:Gayle Oakes

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User:Gayle Oakes

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Experienced musculoskeletal physiotherapist working in both private practice and occupational health.Also working bank for a local private hospital. Qualified for 20 years this year from The Royal Orthopaedic School of Physiotherapy in Birmingham.

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ANAND KUMAR BISHNOI
64 Highcrest Rd
Wethersfield, CT 06109
Phone: (860)721-6727
Email: Bishnoi@cox.net

Board Certified Clinical Specialist in Orthopedic Physical Therapy 1994
Recertified- Clinical Specialist in Orthopedic Physical Therapy 2004
Licensed to practice physical therapy in the state of Connecticut 1991
Eligible to practice physical therapy in the state of Maine, Canada, UK, and India

EDUCATION: Doctor of Physical Therapy 2008
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL

Master of Science (Orthopedic Physical Therapy) 1999
Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT

Postgraduate Diploma in Biomechanics 1988
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

Postgraduate Diploma in Rehabilitation 1981
SNDT University, Bombay, India

Diploma in Physiotherapy 1979
SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India

CONTINUING 1. Basic Electromyography, School of Physiotherapy, KEM Hospital, Bombay, India
EDUCATION: 2. Respiratory Physiotherapy, School of Physiotherapy, KEM Hospital, Bombay, India
3. Maitland Mobilization of Vertebral and Peripheral Joints, Middlesborough General Hospital, UK
4. McKenzie concept and back problems, Harrogate Physiotherapy Practice, UK
5. Laser and High Voltage currents in musculoskeletal disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
6. Scientific basis for evaluation and treatment of orthopedic dysfunctions, Krannert Graduate School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, Indiana. 7. Understanding foot dysfunction- evaluation and treatment, Hartford Hospital, CT
8. Chain reaction (closed chain) Gary Grey Seminars, West Point, NY
9. S-1 Introduction to spinal evaluation and manipulation, Institute of Physical Therapy, FL
10. E-1 Extremity evaluation and manipulation, Institute of Physical Therapy, FL
11. MF-1 Myofascial manipulation Institute of Physical Therapy, FL
12. S-3 Advanced evaluation and manipulation of the cranio-facial region, cervical and upper thoracic spine, Institute of Physical Therapy, FL
13. Medical exercise therapy diploma, MET Holton, Boston, MA
14. DPT- Entry colloquium, University of St. Augustine, FL
15. Mulligan concepts: Mobilization with movement, PTSMA and University of Hartford, CT
16. Current concepts in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Orthopedic section, APTA, Boston, MA
17. Pilate Rehabilitation for Healthcare Professional, HealthSouth, West Hartford, CT
18. FCO- online course, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL
19. S4-Functional Analysis & Management of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL
20. S2-Advanced Evaluation & Manipulation of the Pelvic,Lumbar & Thoracic Spine Including Thrust, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL
21. Medical Diagnostics University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL, Fall 2005
22. Pharmacology, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, FL, Spring 2006

EXPERIENCE: Co-Director December 2009 - present
OSCC Physical Therapy
One Liberty Square, New Britain, CT

Physical Therapist July 2007- December 2009
Grove Hill Medical Center
One Lake St., New Britain, CT

Adjunct Assistant Professor May 1999 – May 2008
Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT

Physical Therapist February 1993 – July 2007
Contract Work with Home Health Agencies
VNA of CC, Interim Health Care, Omni
Connecticut VNA and Patient care

Physical Therapist (Per-Diem) July 1995 – July 2006
HealthSouth
One Lake St., New Britain, CT

Physical Therapist February 1991-April 1994
Grove Hill Medical Center, New Britain, CT

Physical Therapist II December 1989 -February 1991
Colchester Regional Hospital, Truro,
Nova Scotia, Canada

Senior Physiotherapist January 1986 – December 1989
General Hospital, Hartlepool, UK

Senior Physiotherapist August 1983 – December 1985
All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India

Staff Physiotherapist/ Research Fellow June 1981 – June 1983
All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Bombay, India

Physiotherapist May 1979 – July 1980
General Hospital, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India

PUBLICATIONS Pressure distribution studies in Symes’s type of amputation
PRESENTATIONS: Research Society Journal, January 1983

Control of wound infection in thoracic surgery patients.
Medical Bulletin of Institute May 1985

Home based rehabilitation following an arthroplasty.
Fall Conference 1996, Connecticut Physical Therapy Association.

RESEARCH Postural and gait deviation studies in the visually handicapped
PROJECTS: Energy cost studies while propelling the hand driven triwheeler
Effects of therapeutic ultrasound in the reproductive systems of Albino rats

COURSES Eval & Rx of the surgical and non-surgical knee, Norwalk Hospital, 1999
INSTRUCTED: Save the problem knee, Fall 1999, CPTA Pre-conference course.
Shoulder and Elbow- Mobilization, 2004
Hip and Knee arthroplasty-advanced rehabilitation, CT VNA educational meeting, December 2004
Advances in arthroplasties- Hip, Knee and Shoulder, Masonic Home, September 2005

PROFESSIONAL Member, American Physical Therapy Association
ASSOCIATION: Member, Orthopedic Section, American Physical Therapy Association
Member, Connecticut Physical Therapy Association
Member, American Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapists
Member, Indian Association of Physiotherapy
Completed membership process (Examination and Clinical Residency) of Canadian Physiotherapy Association

AWARDS Best Student, Arya Higher Secondary School, Sri Ganganagar, India
RECEIVED: Academic Excellence in the Master’s degree program in physical therapy
Graduate Faculty Fund for Excellence, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT

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User talk:Kedar K. Mate

2012-05-15T15:53:44Z

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