Froment’s Sign: Difference between revisions

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== Purpose<br> ==
== Purpose  ==


Froment's sign is a physical examination of the hand to test for palsy of the ulnar nerve which results in reduced functionality and muscle weakness of the pinch grip.  It was first described by Dr. Jules Froment in 1915, and tests the strength of the adductor pollicus of the thumb, which is innervated by the ulnar nerve and is weakened in ulna nerve palsy.  
Froment's sign<ref>''Froment, J. “La prehension dans les paralysies, du nerf cubital et la signe du ponce.” Presse med.23 (1915): 409.''</ref> is a physical examination of the hand to test for palsy of the ulnar nerve which results in reduced functionality and muscle weakness of the pinch grip.  It tests the strength of the adductor pollicus of the thumb, which is innervated by the ulnar nerve and is weakened in [[Ulnar Nerve Entrapment|ulnar nerve palsy]].  


Froment's sign presents after damage to the ulnar nerve, which innervates the adductor pollicis and interossei muscles, which provide adduction of the thumb and extension of the interphalangeal joint. The flexor pollicis longus (innervated by the median nerve), will substitute for the adductor pollicis (innervated by the ulnar nerve) and cause the thumb to go into hyperflexion. [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Ulnar_Nerve_Entrapment Ulnar nerve palsy] can be as a result of dysfunction at the cervical spine, elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome) or at the wrist (Guyons canal syndrome).  
Froment's sign presents after damage to the ulnar nerve, which innervates the adductor pollicis and interossei muscles, which provide adduction of the thumb and extension of the interphalangeal joint. The flexor pollicis longus (innervated by the median nerve), will substitute for the adductor pollicis (innervated by the ulnar nerve) and cause the thumb to go into hyperflexion. [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Ulnar_Nerve_Entrapment Ulnar nerve palsy] can be as a result of dysfunction at the cervical spine, elbow ([[Cubital Tunnel Syndrome|cubital tunnel syndrome]]) or at the wrist (Guyons canal syndrome).  
== Technique  ==


The patient is asked to make a strong pinch between the thumb and index finger and grip a flat object such as a piece of paper between the thumb and index finger. The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands<ref>Jeff G. Konin ''et al''. ''Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination: Third Edition.'' Thorofare, NJ. SLACK Incorporated, 2006.</ref>. There is weakness of the adductor pollicus innervated by the ulnar nerve which would keep the IP joint relatively straight; instead, the FPL muscle which is innervated by the median nerve is substituted for the AP and will cause the IP joint to go into a hyperflexed position.


== Technique<br==
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yJTIhm1VfSI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>   


The patient is asked to make a strong pinch between the thumb and index finger and grip a flat object such as a piece of paper between the thumb and index finger. The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands. There is weakness of the adductor pollicus innervated by the ulnar nerve which would keep the IP jojnt relatively straight; instead, the FPL muscle which is innervated by the median nerve is substituted for the AP and will cause the IP joint to go into a hyperflexed position.  
Similar to Froment’s sign, Jeanne’s sign<ref>''Jeanne M. “La deformation du ponce la paralysie cubitale.” Bul Mem Soc Chir Paris 41 (1915): 703-19.''</ref> indicates ulnar nerve palsy and is also seen in response to pinch forces. Instead of isolated thumb IP flexion, the IP flexion is accompanied by MP joint hyperextension.  


== Evidence  ==
== Evidence  ==


Provide the evidence for this technique here
There doesn't seem to be any evidence available that demonstrates the reliability, sensitivity or validity of this test.
 
== Resources  ==
 
add any relevant resources here


== References<br>  ==
== References<br>  ==


<references />
<references />

Revision as of 10:37, 14 June 2017

Original Editor- Harvey Manes Top Contributors - The top 5 contributors are automatically added with the following wikitext Admin, Rachael Lowe, Momina Khalid, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Fasuba Ayobami and Claire Knott

Purpose[edit | edit source]

Froment's sign[1] is a physical examination of the hand to test for palsy of the ulnar nerve which results in reduced functionality and muscle weakness of the pinch grip. It tests the strength of the adductor pollicus of the thumb, which is innervated by the ulnar nerve and is weakened in ulnar nerve palsy.

Froment's sign presents after damage to the ulnar nerve, which innervates the adductor pollicis and interossei muscles, which provide adduction of the thumb and extension of the interphalangeal joint. The flexor pollicis longus (innervated by the median nerve), will substitute for the adductor pollicis (innervated by the ulnar nerve) and cause the thumb to go into hyperflexion. Ulnar nerve palsy can be as a result of dysfunction at the cervical spine, elbow (cubital tunnel syndrome) or at the wrist (Guyons canal syndrome).

Technique[edit | edit source]

The patient is asked to make a strong pinch between the thumb and index finger and grip a flat object such as a piece of paper between the thumb and index finger. The examiner then attempts to pull the object out of the subject's hands[2]. There is weakness of the adductor pollicus innervated by the ulnar nerve which would keep the IP joint relatively straight; instead, the FPL muscle which is innervated by the median nerve is substituted for the AP and will cause the IP joint to go into a hyperflexed position.

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yJTIhm1VfSI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Similar to Froment’s sign, Jeanne’s sign[3] indicates ulnar nerve palsy and is also seen in response to pinch forces. Instead of isolated thumb IP flexion, the IP flexion is accompanied by MP joint hyperextension.

Evidence[edit | edit source]

There doesn't seem to be any evidence available that demonstrates the reliability, sensitivity or validity of this test.

References
[edit | edit source]

  1. Froment, J. “La prehension dans les paralysies, du nerf cubital et la signe du ponce.” Presse med.23 (1915): 409.
  2. Jeff G. Konin et alSpecial Tests for Orthopedic Examination: Third Edition. Thorofare, NJ. SLACK Incorporated, 2006.
  3. Jeanne M. “La deformation du ponce la paralysie cubitale.” Bul Mem Soc Chir Paris 41 (1915): 703-19.