Female Athlete Triad: Difference between revisions

No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 27: Line 27:
== Associated Co-morbidities  ==
== Associated Co-morbidities  ==


add text here <br>  
Due to the loss in bone mineral density the primary comorbidity associated with female athlete triad is osteoporosis. Female athlete triad generally occurs in the primary age range for storing and depositing calcium in the bones. Slowing or reversing this possess will result in the potential to increase the risk of fractures later in life even after resolving the issues leading to a diagnosis of female athlete triad.
 
Systemically low Bone MIneral Density, low blood estrogen level, and menstrual dysfunction has been linked to Endothelial Dysfunction in endurance athletes. Endothelial Dysfunction is directly related to the bodies ability to constrict or dilate blood vessels. If Endothelial Dysfunction is present (indicated by Brachial Artery flow-mediated dilation) the risk for Cardiovascular Events, poor blood flow mediation, and athrosclerotic disease are all increased significantly.<ref name="8">Weiss Kelly A, Hecht S. The Female Athlete Triad. Pediatrics [serial on the Internet]. (2016, Aug), [cited March 27, 2017]; 138(2): e1-e10. Available from: Academic Search Complete.</ref><br>


== Medications  ==
== Medications  ==

Revision as of 01:05, 4 April 2017

Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!

Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors. Along with health care providers, all coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during long term disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

Triad-diagram.jpgCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

Due to inconsistencies and limitations in criteria defining Female Athlete Triad, study methodology, and experimental design there is an evident discrepancy in the literature when determining the prevalence of the triad. The chances of all three conditions of the triad presenting simultaneously are low, ranging from 0% to 16%. The odds of two conditions presenting at the same time range from 3% to 27%. Generally, most common to just have one of the conditions present with the odds ranging from 16% to 60%.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Since a diagnosis for Female Athlete Triad is possible without having all three components of the triad, it is possible for sedentary and normally active females to be diagnosed with the syndrome at rates that are only slightly less than competitive female athletes.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

  • Weight loss
  • Absent or irregular periods
  • Fatigue
  • Stress fractures
  • Restrictive dieting
  • Binge eating
  • Induced vomiting
  • Excessive exercise

Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

Due to the loss in bone mineral density the primary comorbidity associated with female athlete triad is osteoporosis. Female athlete triad generally occurs in the primary age range for storing and depositing calcium in the bones. Slowing or reversing this possess will result in the potential to increase the risk of fractures later in life even after resolving the issues leading to a diagnosis of female athlete triad.

Systemically low Bone MIneral Density, low blood estrogen level, and menstrual dysfunction has been linked to Endothelial Dysfunction in endurance athletes. Endothelial Dysfunction is directly related to the bodies ability to constrict or dilate blood vessels. If Endothelial Dysfunction is present (indicated by Brachial Artery flow-mediated dilation) the risk for Cardiovascular Events, poor blood flow mediation, and athrosclerotic disease are all increased significantly.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

Medications[edit | edit source]

add text here

Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]

add text here

Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

add text here

Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]

add text here

Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

add text here

Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

add text here

Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

add text here

Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]

add links to case studies here (case studies should be added on new pages using the case study template)

Resources
[edit | edit source]

add appropriate resources here

Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]

see tutorial on Adding PubMed Feed

Extension:RSS -- Error: Not a valid URL: addfeedhere|charset=UTF-8|short|max=10

References[edit | edit source]

see adding references tutorial.


Original Editor <a href="User:Aarti Sareen">Aarti Sareen</a>

Top Contributors - <img class="FCK__MWTemplate" src="http://www.physio-pedia.com/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" _fckfakelement="true" _fckrealelement="18" _fck_mw_template="true">