Female Athlete Triad: Difference between revisions

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== Definition/Description  ==
== Definition/Description  ==


Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad. (22)<br>Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors.<br>Energy Availability, Decreased Bone Density, and Amenorrhea.<br>All coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players. (17) It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis. (09)<br>Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.<br>Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during longterm disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction. (09)<br><br>
Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad.<ref name="1">The Female Athlete Triad. Medicine &amp; Science In Sports &amp; Exercise [serial on the Internet]. (2007, Oct), [cited March 27, 2017]; 39(10): 1867-1882. Available from: Academic Search Complete.</ref>&nbsp;Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors. Along with health care providers, all coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players.<ref name="2">Mukherjee S, Chand V, Wong X, Choong P, Lau V, Ng K, et al. Perceptions, awareness and knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad amongst coaches—Are we meeting the expectations for athlete safety?. International Journal Of Sports Science &amp; Coaching [serial on the Internet]. (2016, Aug), [cited March 27, 2017]; 11(4): 545-551. Available from: PsycINFO.</ref>&nbsp;It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis.<ref name="3">Thein-Nissenbaum J. Long term consequences of the female athlete triad. Maturitas [serial on the Internet]. (2013, June), [cited March 27, 2017]; 75(2): 107-112. Available from: MEDLINE.</ref> Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during long term disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction.<ref name="3" /><br>


== Prevalence  ==
== Prevalence  ==

Revision as of 00:36, 4 April 2017

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Definition/Description[edit | edit source]

Female Athlete Triad is a syndrome that evolves from the interrelationships among energy availability, bone mineral density, and menstrual function. The clinical manifestations include eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Not all clinical signs must be present to diagnose Female Athlete Triad.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Female Athlete Triad commonly occurs in adolescent or highly competitive female athletes. This syndrome is most common in Adolescent athletes largely due to their skeletal immaturity and naturally low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) being more susceptible to physical and metabolic stressors. Along with health care providers, all coaching staff members of high level and high school women’s sports teams should be highly aware of signs of this disease in order to manage the health of their players.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title It is also recommended that all female athletes are screened for Female Athlete Triad on a yearly basis.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title Early signs of the Female Athlete Triad include weight changes, repeated fractures, and decreased energy.Longterm effects of Female Athlete Triad include low peak BMD, Osteoporosis, Thoughts of suicide during long term disease process, and kidney and liver dysfunction.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title

Prevalence[edit | edit source]

Due to inconsistencies and limitations in criteria defining Female Athlete Triad, study methodology, and experimental design there is an evident discrepancy in the literature when determining the prevalence of the triad. The chances of all three conditions of the triad presenting simultaneously are low, ranging from 0% to 16%. The odds of two conditions presenting at the same time range from 3% to 27%. Generally, most common to just have one of the conditions present with the odds ranging from 16% to 60%. (12)

SInce a diagnosis for Female Athlete Triad is possible without having all three components of the triad, it is possible for sedentary and normally active females to be diagnosed with the syndrome at rates that are only slightly less than competitive female athletes. (19)(23)

Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]

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Medications[edit | edit source]

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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]

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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]

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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]

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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

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Original Editor <a href="User:Aarti Sareen">Aarti Sareen</a>

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