Digastric Muscle

Description[edit | edit source]

The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two 'bellies') is a small muscle located under the jaw. The term "digastric muscle" refers to this specific muscle. However, other muscles that have two separate muscle bellies include the ligament of Treitz, omohyoid, occipitofrontalis.

It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.

A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis.[1]

Origin[edit | edit source]

anterior belly - digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly - mastoid process of temporal bone

Insertion[edit | edit source]

Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone)

Nerve Supply
[edit | edit source]

anterior belly - mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial nerve (CN VII)

Blood Supply[edit | edit source]

anterior belly - Submental branch of facial artery; posterior belly - occipital artery

Function[edit | edit source]

When the digastric muscle contracts, it acts to elevate the hyoid bone.

If the hyoid is being held in place (by the infrahyoid muscles), it will tend to depress the mandible (open the mouth).

Action[edit | edit source]

Opens the jaw when the masseter and the temporalis are relaxed.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Structure
The digastricus (digastric muscle) consists of two muscular bellies united by an intermediate rounded tendon.

The two bellies of the digastric muscle have different embryological origins, and are supplied by different cranial nerves.

Each person has a right and left digastric muscle. In most anatomical discussions, the singular is used to refer to a muscle, even when each person actually has two of that muscle -- one on the right side, and another on the left. For example, we speak of the deltoid, even though there is one deltoid in each shoulder. Likewise, we speak of the digastric even though there is a right and left digastric muscle.

Posterior belly
The posterior belly, longer than the anterior belly, arises from the mastoid notch which is on the inferior surface of the skull, medial to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The mastoid notch is a deep groove between the mastoid process and the styloid process. The mastoid notch is also referred to as the digastric groove or the digastric fossa.

The posterior belly is supplied by the digastric branch of facial nerve.

The digastric muscle stretches between the mastoid process of the cranium to the mandible at the chin, and part-way between, it becomes a tendon which passes through a tendinous pulley attached to the hyoid bone. It originates from the second pharyngeal arch.

Anterior belly
The anterior belly arises from a depression on the inner side of the lower border of the mandible called the Digastric fossa of Mandible, close to the symphysis, and passes downward and backward.

The anterior body is supplied by the trigeminal via the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. It originates from the first pharyngeal arch.

Intermediate tendon
The two bellies end in an intermediate tendon which perforates the Stylohyoideus muscle, and is held in connection with the side of the body and the greater cornu of the hyoid bone by a fibrous loop, which is sometimes lined by a mucous sheath.



Trigger Point Referral Pattern[edit | edit source]

 The anterior and posterior bellies of digastric may contain an MTP. The MTP in the posterior belly may refer pain over the mastoid process and occasionally to the throat under the chin . The anterior belly refers to the lower central incisors and to the alveolar ridge below.[2]                                                                                                                                               

Palpation[edit | edit source]

Direct external palpation of posterior digastric is difficult due to the depth of the muscle. The anterior digastric is examined by identifying the lateral margins of the hyoid, and then palpating the inferior surface of the mandible by placing the thumbs on either side of the midline. To confirm the location of the anterior digastric, the patient is requested to swallow; a prominence of the anterior belly can be palpated under the thumb tips as the hyoid is drawn superiorly.

Length tension testing[edit | edit source]


Strength Testing[edit | edit source]


Treatment[edit | edit source]







References[edit | edit source]